53 resultados para Weak Slope

em Deakin Research Online - Australia


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A survey published in the Medical Journal of Australia in 1997 showed that the incidence of non-voluntary euthanasia in Australia was higher than in the Netherlands. Euthanasia is illegal in Australia, while it is openly practiced in the Netherlands. It has been suggested that the results of the survey undermine the slippery slope argument against legalising euthanasia. This is wrong. Although at the time of the survey, euthanasia was formally prohibited by the law in Australia, the medical and legal culture was such that doctors could practice euthanasia with impunity — in certain circumstances euthanasia by doctors was effectively condoned. This is in fact supported by the findings of the survey. The survey suggests that there were approximately 6,700 cases of euthanasia in Australia in the year from July 1994 to June 1995 — not one of which was prosecuted, let alone resulted in a conviction. Ultimately the survey merely shows that in a climate where voluntary euthanasia is tolerated, wide scale abuses (in the form of nonvoluntary euthanasia) occur. Paradoxically the results of the survey give further support to the slippery slope argument.

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There has never been, and will never be, a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial demonstrating that exercise in youth, adulthood or old age reduces fragility or osteoporosis-related fractures in old age. The next level of evidence, a randomized, controlled but unblinded study with fractures as an end-point is feasible but has never been done. The basis for the belief that exercise reduces fractures is derived from lower levels of ‘evidence’, namely, retrospective and prospective observation cohort studies and case–control studies. These studies are at best hypothesis generating, never hypothesis testing. They are all subject to many systematic biases and should be interpreted with extreme scepticism. Surrogate measures of anti-fracture efficacy are the next level of evidence, such as the demonstration of a reduction in risk factors for falls, a reduction in falls, a reduction in fractures due to falls, an increase in peak bone size and mass, prevention of bone loss in midlife and restoration of bone mass and structure in old age.

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Modern helmet-mounted night vision devices, such as the Thales TopOwl helmet, project imagery from intensifiers mounted on the sides of the helmet onto the helmet faceplate. This produces a situation of hyperstereopsis in which binocular disparities are magnified. This has the potential to distort the perception of slope in depth (an important cue to landing), because the slope cue provided by binocular disparity conflicts with veridical cues to slope, such as texture gradients and motion parallax. In the experiments, eight observers viewed sparse and dense textured surfaces tilted in depth under three viewing conditions: normal stereo hyper-stereo (4 times magnification), and hypostereo (1 / 4 magnification). The surfaces were either stationary, or rotated slowly around a central vertical axis. Stimuli were projected at 6 metres to minimise conflict between accommodation and convergence, and stereo viewing was provided by a Z-screen and passive polarised glasses. Observers matched perceived visual slope using a small tilt table set by hand. We found that slope estimates were distorted by hyperstereopsis, but to a much lesser degree than predicted by disparity magnification. The distortion was almost completely eliminated when motion parallax was present.

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This paper challenges mathematics teachers to go back and re-examine ideas as far as possible from the genuine beginner's point of view rather than in terms of being experts on the subject. It suggests tasks that teachers can do to achieve this. Topics covered are the shock of the new, the best single short lesson on trigonometry, the difficulty of remembering not knowing, first student trigonometric steps (scouts and flagpoles), first human steps in trigonometry (examining the stars), rotation becomes number, showing relations and learning ideas, plus a lengthy discussion on trigonometry.

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The indentation slope curve from a spherical indentation on elastic-plastic materials is examined. By comparing it with that of an linear elastic material of the same elastic properties, we found that the start point of plastic yielding for an elastic-plastic material can be easily located from the indentation slope curve. Based on this analysis, a simple but effective method is proposed to measure the plastic yield stress of very small samples from a spherical nano-indentation slope curve.

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This paper reports a study aimed at revealing special-educational-needs pupils' learning potential by means of an ICT-based assessment including a dynamic visual tool that might help pupils when solving mathematics problems. The study focused on subtraction problems up to 100, which require 'borrowing'. These problems, in which the value of the ones-digit of the subtrahend is larger than the ones-digit of the minuend, are known as a serious difficulty for weak pupils in mathematics. Seven of such problems from a standardised test were placed in the ICT environment. Data were collected from two test conditions: the standardised written test format and the ICT version of the test items including the tool that provided pupils with a set of virtual manipulatives. The 37 pupils involved in the study were 8–12 years old and from two special-education schools in the Netherlands. Comparison of the performance scores in the two formats showed that an ICT-based assessment format, including a dynamic visual tool, can reveal weak pupils' learning potential and strategy use. The study also pointed out that 'partial-tool use', ie, not carrying out the complete subtraction operation with the tool, can provide sufficient support to find the correct answer.

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Secure management of Australia’s commercial Critical Infrastructure presents ongoing challenges to both the owners of this infrastructure as well as to the Australian Federal government. The security management process is currently managed through high-level information sharing via collaboration, but does this situation suit the commercial sector? One of the issues facing Australia is that the majority of critical infrastructure resides under the control of the business sector and certain aspects such of the critical infrastructure such as Supply Chain Management (SCM) systems are distributed entities that span a number of commercial organisations. Another issue is that these SCM systems can be used for the transportation of varied items, such as retail items or food. This paper will explore the security issue related to food SCM systems and their relationship to critical infrastructure. The paper will focuses upon the security and risk issues associated with SCM system protection within the realms of critical infrastructure protection. The paper will review the security standard ISO 28000 - Supply Chain Security Management Standard. The paper will propose a new conceptual security risk analysis approach that will form the basis of a future Security Risk Analysis approach. This new approach will be aimed at protecting SCM systems.

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In this article, a three-dimensional transient numerical approach coupled with fluid–structure interaction for the modeling of an aortic trileaflet heart valve at the initial opening stage is presented. An arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian kinematical description together with an appropriate fluid grid was used for the coupling strategy with the structural domain. The fluid dynamics and the structure aspects of the problem were analyzed for various Reynolds numbers and times. The fluid flow predictions indicated that at the initial leaflet opening stage a circulation zone was formed immediately downstream of the leaflet tip and propagated outward as time increased. Moreover, the maximum wall shear stress in the vertical direction of the leaflet was found to be located near the bottom of the leaflet, and its value decreased sharply toward the tip. In the horizontal cross section of the leaflet, the maximum wall shear stresses were found to be located near the sides of the leaflet.

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This thesis examines the weak-form efficiency of the Australian stock market using data from Australia's major banking stocks, the Banking Index and the All Ordinaries Index. Applying a combination of existing technical analysis indicators, coupled with a relatively new technique known as Sequential (TM) reveals that the Australian stock market is weak-form inefficient.

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The crystal structure of a 1,2,3-trisubstituted imidazolium salt of the bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)]amide ion is presented; this salt is a prototype for similar, room temperature liquid, imidazolium salts; the structure shows that the anion and cation interact weakly, with little if any hydrogen bonding present.

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In this paper, we propose a new construction method for fuzzy and weak fuzzy subsethood measures based on the aggregation of implication operators. We study the desired properties of the implication operators in order to construct these measures. We also show the relationship between fuzzy entropy and weak fuzzy subsethood measures constructed by our method.

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In this paper, we propose a new augmented Dickey–Fuller-type test for unit roots which accounts for
two structural breaks. We consider two different specifications: (a) two breaks in the level of a trending data series and (b) two breaks in the level and slope of a trending data series. The breaks whose time of occurrence is assumed to be unknown are modeled as innovational outliers and thus take effect gradually. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we showthat our proposed test has correct size, stable power, and identifies the structural breaks accurately.