An in vitro comparative assessment with a series of new triphenyltin(IV) 2-/4-[(E)-2-(aryl)-1-diazenyl]benzoates endowed with anticancer activities: Structural modifications, analysis of efficacy and cytotoxicity involving human tumor cell lines

Four new triphenyltin(IV) complexes of composition Ph₃SnLH (where LH = 2-/4-[(E)-2-(aryl)-1-diazenyl]benzoate) (1–4) were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic (¹H, ¹³C and ¹¹⁹Sn NMR, IR, ¹¹⁹Sn Mössbauer) techniques in combination with elemental analysis. The ¹¹⁹Sn NMR spectroscopic data indicate a tetrahedral coordination geometry in non-coordinating solvents. The crystal structures of three complexes, Ph₃SnL¹H (1), Ph₃SnL³H (3), Ph₃SnL⁴H (4), were determined. All display an essentially tetrahedral geometry with angles ranging from 93.50(8) to 124.5(2)°; ¹¹⁹Sn Mössbauer spectral data support this assignment. The cytotoxicity studies were performed with complexes 1–4, along with a previously reported complex (5) in vitro across a panel of human tumor cell lines viz., A498, EVSA-T, H226, IGROV, M19 MEL, MCF-7 and WIDR. The screening results were compared with the results from other related triphenyltin(IV) complexes (6–7) and tributyltin(IV) complexes (8–11) having 2-/4-[(E)-2-(aryl)-1-diazenyl]benzoates framework. In general, the complexes exhibit stronger cytotoxic activity. The results obtained for 1–3 are also comparable to those of its o-analogs i.e. 4–7, except 5, but the advantage is the former set of complexes demonstrated two folds more cytotoxic activity for the cell line MCF-7 with ID₅₀ values in the range 41–53 ng/ml. Undoubtedly, the cytotoxic results of complexes 1–3 are far superior to CDDP, 5-FU and ETO, and related tributyltin(IV) complexes 8–11. The quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies for the cytotoxicity of triphenyltin(IV) complexes 1–7 and tributyltin(IV) complexes 8–11 is also discussed against a panel of human tumor cell lines.

Microscopic modifications of the female reproductive tissues of Mustelus antarcticus

The ovarian follicles and oviducal glands have structural organisations similar to other chondrichthyans. Sperm are stored in the oviducal gland of all maturing and mature animals throughout the year and throughout pregnancy. Microscopic features of the uterine epithelium suggest nutrients are supplied to developing embryos without placenta formation.