Protecting the Tay Nguyen gongs : conflicting rights in Vietnam’s central plateau

This theoretically innovative anthology investigates the problematic linkages between conserving cultural heritage, maintaining cultural diversity, defining and establishing cultural citizenship, and enforcing human rights.

It is the first publication to address the notions of cultural diversity, cultural heritage and human rights in one volume. Heritage provides the basis of humanity’s rich cultural diversity. While there is a considerable literature dealing separately with cultural diversity, cultural heritage and human rights, this book is distinctive and has contemporary relevance in focusing on the intersection between the three concepts. Cultural Diversity, Heritage and Human Rights establishes a fresh approach that will interest students and practitioners alike and on which future work in the heritage field might proceed.

The incidence of V˙O2 plateau at V˙O2max in a cardiac-diseased population

We sought to determine the incidence of V˙O(2) plateau at V˙O(2)max in a cardiovascular-diseased (CVD) population using 4 different sampling intervals (15-breath moving average, 15 s, 30 s, and 60 s) and 3 different V˙O(2) plateau criteria (≤50 mL · min(-1), ≤80 mL · min(-1), and ≤150 mL · min(-1)). A total of 69 people (62 ± 10 yrs.) with recently diagnosed CVD performed a maximal exercise test (10:07 ± 2:24 min) on a treadmill. The test was classified as maximal (n = 57, 2 430 ± 605 mL · min(-1)) if self-terminated due to fatigue or classified as symptom-limited (n = 12, 1 683 ± 438 mL · min(-1)) if symptoms presented. Chi-square analysis revealed a significant (p < 0.05) effect of sampling interval on incidence of V˙O(2) plateau at V˙O(2)max across all 3 V˙O(2) plateau criteria. The sampling interval had an increasingly stronger influence on the incidence of V˙O(2) plateau at V˙O(2)max with smaller criterion thresholds as evidenced by the Cramer's V statistics: [≤50 mL · min(-1) (Cramer's V = 0.548, p < 0.05], ≤80 mL · min(-1) [Cramer's V = 0.489, p < 0.05], ≤150 mL · min(-1) [Cramer's V = 0.214, p < 0.05]. Incidence of V˙O(2) plateau at V˙O(2)max in CVD individuals is significantly influenced by the sampling interval applied. Based on our findings we recommend a15 breath moving average and V˙O(2) plateau criterion of ≤50 mL · min(-1).