Australia's Prime Ministers: Bob Hawke

In the run up to the Federal Election Trevor Chappell has been look at some of Australia&rsquo;s former Prime Ministers.<br /><br />Bob Hawke is Australia's longest serving Labor Prime Minister, he was at the helm from 1983 to 1991.<br /><br />Trevor Chappell spoke to Professor Geoff Robinson, a political historian and lecturer in Australian Studies and Politics at Deakin University about the Bob Hawke years.<br />

Australia's Prime Ministers : R. G. Menzies

In the run up to the Federal Election, The Overnights show is taking a look at some of Australia's former Prime Ministers. The second PM we discussed was Australia's longest serving Prime Minister Sir Robert Menzies.<br /><br />Often characterised as an extreme monarchist and British to the Bootstraps, Robert Menzies was responsible for many post-war socioeconomic developments and linked Australia more closely to South-East Asia and the USA to counter what was seen as the spread of Communism and the possible isolation of Australia.Michael Pavlich spoke to Geoff Robinson, a political historian and lecturer in Australian Studies and Politics at Deakin University.<br />

Turning a good idea into a reality : the Alfred Deakin Prime Ministerial Library

This paper outlines the creation of the Alfred Deakin Prime Ministerial Library at Deakin University.

Long lived multi-isotype anti-HIV antibody responses following a prime-double boost immunization strategy

Despite decades of work, an effective HIV vaccine remains elusive. In an effort to elicit protective immunity, investigators have sought to define vaccines able to elicit durable HIV-specific B-cell and T-cell activities. Additionally, vaccines are sought which can induce antibodies of a variety of isotypes, as each isotype possesses unique attributes in terms of opsonization, Fc receptor binding capacity, complement fixation and location. One prominent new vaccine strategy, applied to numerous distinct antigenic systems is the prime boost-regimen, with DNA, vaccinia virus (VV), and/or purified recombinant protein. To examine the durability, location and isotype distribution of responses induced by prime-boost regimens, we tested successive immunizations with DNA, VV and protein (D-V-P), comparing three forms of protein inoculations: (i) purified protein administered intramuscularly with complete Freunds adjuvant, (ii) purified protein administered intranasally, and (iii) purified protein conjugated to oxidized mannan, administered intranasally. We found that all three protocols elicited serum antibodies of multiple isotypes, with serum IgA being most prominent among mice immunized with mannan-conjugated protein. All D-V-P protocols, regardless of protein form or route, also elicited antibody responses at mucosal surfaces. In bronchoalveolar lavage, a tendency toward IgA production was again most prominent in mice boosted with the protein&ndash;mannan conjugate. Both B-cell and T-cell responses were sustained for more than 1 year post-immunization following each form of vaccination. Contemporaneous with long-lasting serum and mucosal antibodies were antibody forming cells in the bone marrow of primed animals. Results highlight the D-V-P vaccination strategy as a promising approach for attaining durable, multi-isotype B-cell and T-cell activities toward HIV.<br />