The development of the comprehensive child maltreatment scale

In this paper, data are presented from four studies that describe and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Comprehensive Child Maltreatment Scale (CCMS). This is a new measure that assesses five separate types of maltreatment experienced during childhood (sexual abuse, physical abuse, psychological maltreatment, neglect and witnessing family violence) and the existence of multi-type maltreatment. This scale is the only paper-and-pencil research scale available that assesses all five types of child maltreatment separately. In Studies 1 and 2, the CCMS for Adults was used to assess retrospective reports of adults' own childhood experiences (N=313). The parallel version of the CCMS for Parents was used in Studies 3 and 4 to assess parent reports of the experiences of children from 5 to 12 years of age (N=100). Adequate test-retest reliability and internal consistency were found for each of the scales of the CCMS for Adults and the CCMS for Parents. As well as performing an exploratory factor analysis, a criterion validity check on the CCMS for Adults revealed high correlations with appropriate subscales from the Child Abuse Trauma Scale. These preliminary data on the CCMS for Adults and Parents show that they are psychometrically sound and useful research tools in the study of multiple forms of child abuse and neglect. The CCMS for Adults and the CCMS for Parents allow for a simple yet comprehensive assessment of multi-type maltreatment.

A cluster operating system supporting parallel computing

The single factor limiting the harnessing of the enormous computing power of clusters for parallel computing is the lack of appropriate software. Present cluster operating systems are not built to support parallel computing – they do not provide services to manage parallelism. The cluster operating environments that are used to assist the execution of parallel applications do not provide support for both Message Passing (MP) or Distributed Shared Memory (DSM) paradigms. They are only offered as separate components implemented at the user level as library and independent servers. Due to poor operating systems users must deal with computers of a cluster rather than to see this cluster as a single powerful computer. A Single System Image of the cluster is not offered to users. There is a need for an operating system for clusters. We claim and demonstrate that it is possible to develop a cluster operating system that is
able to efficiently manage parallelism, support Message Passing and DSM and offer the Single System Image. In order to substantiate the claim the first version of a cluster operating system, called GENESIS, that manages parallelism and offers the Single System Image has been developed.

Toward an operating system that supports parallel processing on nondedicated clusters

Present operating systems are not built to support parallel computing on clusters - they do not provide services to manage parallelism, i.e., to manage parallel processes and cluster resources. They do not provide support for both programming paradigms, Message Passing (MP) or Distributed Shared Memory (DSM). Due to poor operating systems, users must deal with computers of a cluster rather than to see this cluster as a single powerful computer. There is a need for cluster operating systems. We claim that it is possible to develop a cluster operating system that is able to efficiently manage parallelism, support MP and DSM and offer transparency. To substantiate this claim the first version of a cluster operating system managing parallelism and offering transparency, called GENESIS, has been developed.