Genetic connectivity between trans-oceanic populations of Capreolia implexa (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta) in cool temperate waters of Australasia and Chile.

Capreolia is a monospecific genus of gelidioid red algae and has been considered to be endemic to Australasia. This is the first report on the occurrence of Capreolia implexa outside of Australasian waters, based on investigations of fresh collections in southern Chile as well as Australia and New Zealand. Thalli are prostrate and form entangled turfs, growing on high intertidal rocks at three locations in Chile. Analyses of rbcL and cox1 revealed that C. implexa was of Australasian origin and also distinct from its relatives. Analyses of 1356. bp of cox1 revealed cryptic diversity, consisting of two genealogical groups within C. implexa; one present in Australia and New Zealand, and the other in Chile and Stewart Island, New Zealand. The extremely low genetic diversity found in C. implexa in Chile and the absence of shared haplotypes between Chile and Australasia suggest genetic bottleneck possibly as a result of colonization after dispersal by rafting from Stewart Island, New Zealand to Chile. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.

Implementing novel models of posttreatment care for cancer survivors: Enablers, challenges and recommendations

AIM: The American Society of Clinical Oncology and US Institute of Medicine emphasize the need to trial novel models of posttreatment care, and disseminate findings. In 2011, the Victorian State Government (Australia) established the Victorian Cancer Survivorship Program (VCSP), funding six 2-year demonstration projects, targeting end of initial cancer treatment. Projects considered various models, enrolling people of differing cancer types, age and residential areas. We sought to determine common enablers of success, as well as challenges/barriers. METHODS: Throughout the duration of the projects, a formal "community of practice" met regularly to share experiences. Projects provided regular formal progress reports. An analysis framework was developed to synthesize key themes and identify critical enablers and challenges. Two external reviewers examined final project reports. Discussion with project teams clarified content. RESULTS: Survivors reported interventions to be acceptable, appropriate and effective. Strong clinical leadership was identified as a critical success factor. Workforce education was recognized as important. Partnerships with consumers, primary care and community organizations; risk stratified pathways with rapid re-access to specialist care; and early preparation for survivorship, self-management and shared care models supported positive project outcomes. Tailoring care to individual needs and predicted risks was supported. Challenges included: lack of valid assessment and prediction tools; limited evidence to support novel care models; workforce redesign; and effective engagement with community-based care and issues around survivorship terminology. CONCLUSION: The VCSP project outcomes have added to growing evidence around posttreatment care. Future projects should consider the identified enablers and challenges when designing and implementing survivorship care.