Lift aim on poor targets, universities told

Commonwealth government participation targets for students from poor backgrounds should be extended beyond undergraduates to include postgraduate and research students, according to a visiting participation expert from Britain.

Reduced food access due to a lack of money, inability to lift and lack of access to a car for food shopping : a multilevel study in Melbourne, Victoria

Objective: To describe associations between demographic and individual and arealevel socio-economic variables and restricted household food access due to lack of money, inability to lift groceries and lack of access to a car to do food shopping.
Design: Multilevel study of three measures of restricted food access, i.e. running out of money to buy food, inability to lift groceries and lack of access to a car for food shopping. Multilevel logistic regression was conducted to examine the risk of each of these outcomes according to demographic and socio-economic variables.
Setting: Random selection of households from fifty small areas in Melbourne, Australia, in 2003.
Subjects: The main food shoppers in each household (n 2564).
Results: A lack of money was significantly more likely among the young and in households with single adults. Difficultly lifting was more likely among the elderly and those born overseas. The youngest and highest age groups both reported reduced car access, as did those born overseas and single-adult households. All three factors were most likely among those with a lower individual or household socio-economic position. Increased levels of area disadvantage were independently associated with difficultly lifting and reduced car access.
Conclusions: In Melbourne, households with lower individual socio-economic position and area disadvantage have restricted access to food because of a lack of money and/or having physical limitations due difficulty lifting or lack of access to a car for food shopping. Further research is required to explore the relationship between physical restrictions and food access.

Parametric study of different fins for a rocket at supersonic flow

Various parameters including the fins with variable span to chord ratio, curvature radius, and setting angle have been investigated between the flat fin and wrap around fin (WAF) rocket configurations at supersonic flow. The results show that under the same flight condition, the flat fins can provide a higher lift and pitching moments than the WAFs. Due to the symmetric effect, any extra side forces, moments as well as the self-induced rolling characteristics will be not generated as compared to the WAF configurations. The WAFs can greatly improve the longitudinal stability and enhance the longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics for the whole rocket. The static pressure distributions at different chordwise positions together with the force variations around the fins have been obtained computationally and analyzed in detail.

Football-as-war, coach-as-general: analogy, metaphor and management implications

Sporting terms have been used as metaphor and analogy to describe and prescribe life experiences. It has been suggested that the use of sport terminology can assist in the general understanding of complex terms and situations, however, the use of sport as metaphor and analogy for many aspects of social understanding can have negative consequences. The analogy of sport and war seems to be particularly prevalent within football, irrespective of the code or culture in which it is played. This article demonstrates the popular understanding of Australian Rules ‘football as war’ through two complementary studies. The first study investigates the representation of Australian Rules football as war, specifically through the analysis of both images and text on the front covers of the sport ‘lift-out’ sections of two prominent Melbourne newspapers, The Herald Sun and The Age. The second study examines whether people interpret non-war-like images of Australian Rules football in war-like terms. Forty-five undergraduate sport marketing and management students were asked to write about one of four different images of football players and coaches interacting, which revealed that football is understood as war. Further, when prompted by an image of football players and coaches interacting, people in this study interpreted the interactions as consistently war-like. Coaches were portrayed as militaristic generals and the athletes as soldiers. Implications for management, education and practice are discussed.

Yield, growth and mortality rate of the Thai river sprat, Clupeichthys aesarnensis, in Sirinthorn Reservoir, Thailand

The Thai river sprat, Clupeichthys aesarnensis Wongratana, is a clupeid with a short life span, and supports artisanal fisheries in a number of reservoirs in the Mekong Basin. The growth parameters, mortality rates and the status of the Thai river sprat in Sirinthorn Reservoir (28 800 ha), NE Thailand (15°N; 105°E), are presented. The fishery is based on lured lift-nets, operated 7–14 days in the new moon period, September to April each year. It was shown that the von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF) model was L_t (mm) = 78.43[1 − exp{−0.211[t − (−0.7996)]}] and its growth conformed to an isometric pattern. Natural mortality rate (month−¹) was 0.13 month−¹. Total mortality rates ranged from 0.69 to 1.53 month−¹ depending on the weather and the fishing season. Recruitment was continuous throughout the year but peaked in June and July. The yield per recruit model indicated that the exploitation rate of this fishery is probably too high.

Distribution of power requirements during yarn winding in ring spinning

A model of a yam package is established for a ring spinning system. The yarn layer, surface area, and mass of the yam package are formulated with respect to the diameters of the empty bobbin and full yarn package, yarn count, and yarn winding-on time. Based on the principles of dynamics and aerodynamics, models of the power requirements for overcoming the skin friction drag, increasing the kinetic energy of the yarn package (bobbin and wound yarn), and overcoming the yarn wind-on tension are developed. The skin friction coefficient on the surface of a rotating yam package is obtained from experiment. The power distribution during yam packaging is discussed based on a case study. The results indicate that overcoming the skin friction drag during yarn winding consumes the largest amount of energy. The energy required to overcome the yarn wind-on tension is also significant.

Skin friction coefficient on a yarn package surface in ring spinning

The skin friction coefficient on the surface of a rotating yarn package affects the power required to drive the package. This paper examines the relationship between the skin friction coefficient on the package surface and its diameter and rotating speed, based on the fundamentals of aerodynamics and the experimental results of power consumption. Skin friction coefficients on the surfaces of an airplane, car top, and yarn package are discussed. The results indicate that the skin friction coefficient on the package surface without hairiness depends on the package diameter and spindle speed only. The skin friction coefficient on the yarn package surface is about three times that on the top surface of a car, and is about twenty times that on an airplane surface. The power consumed to overcome skin friction drag is more than that consumed to drive the spindle if the spindle speed is very slow. However, the situation reverses when the spindle speed is fast.

Australia's radical predatory pricing reforms : what business must know

Radical changes to the Trade Practices Act have the potential to affect significantly, the ability of businesses to engage in vigorous price competition. These changes are designed to prohibit what is colloquially referred to as predatory pricing; the practice of a firm temporarily reducing its prices to a level designed to eliminate its competitors so that, free of competition, it can thereafter, lift them to supra-competitive levels. Unfortunately, because of its scope and the ambiguous new concepts it employs, the section has the potential to apply to all forms of vigorous.price competition and creates significant risks for those businesses who.seek to compete with their rivals by systematically, or irregularly, selling at lower prices than they do. This note examines the section's nature and scope and identifies the pitfalls that it presents for such firms.

Australia's radical predatory pricing reforms: what business must know

Radical changes to the Trade Practices Act have the potential to affect significantly the ability of businesses to engage in vigorous price competition. These changes are designed to prohibit what is colloquially referred to as predatory pricing; the practice of a firm temporarily reducing its prices to a level designed to eliminate its competitors so that, free of competition, it can thereafter lift them to supra-competitive levels. Unfortunately, because of its scope and the ambiguous new concepts it employs, the section has the potential to apply to all forms of vigorous price competition and creates significant risks for those businesses who seek to compete with their rivals by systematically, or irregularly, selling at lower prices than they do. This note examines the section’s nature and scope and identifies the pitfalls that it presents for such firms.

Effect of environmental flows on deep, anoxic pools

A series of field surveys were carried out on two permanent pools of the upper Glenelg River in SW Victoria, Australia. One was representative of the wider and deeper pools while the other was representative of the more-narrow and shallower pools. Both pools showed a typical seasonal cycle of warm, brackish, oxygen-poor, summer conditions and cool, oxygen-rich, low-salinity, winter conditions. The summer salinity increases were larger than expected, suggesting possible saline groundwater inflow from unidentified springs. Both pools contained anoxic water in their deeper sections but this was permanent only in the deeper pool. A simple model of the flushing rate of such anoxic pools subject to flows, such as environmental flow releases, was developed, based on an energy balance between the potential energy required to lift the anoxic layer and the kinetic energy derived from the river flow. The results were tested against and in agreement with the field measurements. The model also suggests that the anoxic layers are resilient to all but the largest environmental flows.

Verfahren zur Optimierung der Kalibrierung eines Verbrennungsmotors

Method involves starting of calibration test for start condition and for calibration definite changes in the parameter are to be adjusted. At least two of the parameters, throttle valve position (2) or load, fuel-air relationship (4), firing angle (5), exhaust gas lead line (6), amount of fuel e.t.c. are to be changed in defined order. The parameters also includes injection pressure, guide blade position of a turbo compressor with variable blade position, valve lift and injecting modulation.

How potent is fiscal policy in Australia?

This article examines the efficacy of fiscal policy in Australia, focusing on the relationship between changes in the economy’s consolidated fiscal imbalance and private sector saving over recent decades. We first examine the macroeconomic significance of the offset coefficient between public and private savings, whose size effectively determines the effectiveness of fiscal activism. The approach innovatively suggests that these estimates simultaneously reflect Ricardian and other non-Keynesian explanations of private consumption, such as the lifecycle and permanent income theories. Econometric estimation of the offset coefficient for Australia over the period 1980–2008 yields values between 0.75 and near unity, which imply a small or near-zero fiscal multiplier, and that running budget surpluses to lift national saving is ineffective.

Interfacing cell-based assays in environmental scanning electron microscopy using dielectrophoresis

Development of the dielectrophoretic (DEP) live cell trapping technology and its interfacing with the environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) is described. DEP microelectrode arrays were fabricated on glass substrate using photolithography and lift-off. Chip-based arrays were applied for ESEM analysis of DEP-trapped human leukemic cells. This work provides proof-of-concept interfacing of the DEP cell retention and trapping technology with ESEM to provide a high-resolution analysis of individual nonadherent cells.