42 resultados para INCA surveys

em Deakin Research Online - Australia


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Two independent cross-sectional dietary surveys (the Individual and National Food Consumption Surveys, INCA), performed in 1998–99 (INCA1) and in 2006–07 (INCA2) on nationally representative samples of French people, were used to analyse trends in the dietary habits and nutritional intake of French adults. Food consumption was recorded through 7-d dietary records, and nutritional intakes were assessed using the French food composition database. After exclusion of under-reporters, analyses were performed on 3267 adults, aged 18–79 years: 1345 from INCA1 and 1922 from INCA2. The trends highlighted over the 8-year period showed a decrease in consumption of dairy products, meat, bread, potatoes, pastries/croissant-like pastries/cakes/biscuits and sugar/confectionery. In contrast, the consumption of fruits and vegetables, rice, ice cream and chocolate increased. Other food groups, like fish and snacking foods, remained stable. Food choices were mostly age specific. These age differences remained consistent over the years and underlined two opposite dietary trends: a ‘traditional’ one mainly followed by the elderly, and a ‘snacking and convenience’ one mainly adopted by young adults. The overall trends in food consumption did not influence the mean energy intake, but did slightly modify the contribution of each macronutrient to energy intake. These repeated surveys highlighted the fact that trends in French food habits have moved towards an average European diet at the crossroads between Mediterranean and Northern diets, and that food consumption changes impacted, to a lesser extent, nutritional intake.

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The objectives of the present study were to assess the intake of different food groups in French children aged 3–17 years (n 1455), and to analyse trends since a dietary survey undertaken 8 years ago. Dietary intake was evaluated using data from the 2006–7 cross-sectional INCA2 national dietary survey (étude Individuelle Nationale sur les Consommations Alimentaires), based on a 7 d food record. Dietary intake (percentage of subjects consuming the food group and amount eaten) was assessed for thirty-nine food categories. We observed variations in food consumption by age, sex, North–South regional gradient, seasonal period and educational level of the responding parent. Trends in dietary intake between 1999 and 2007 were determined by comparing the INCA1 (n 1126) and the INCA2 surveys. Both surveys had been carried out using the same methodology. The findings showed a decrease in energy intake in children aged 3–14 years, due to a reduction in the consumption of foods of animal origin and sweetened products. In adolescents aged 15–17 years, energy intake remained rather stable; during this 8-year period, the consumption of meat decreased, whereas the consumption of savoury snacks such as sandwiches and hamburgers significantly increased. These trends occurred during a time of growing concern about overweight and the associated co-morbidities in France. A number of public health measures were implemented over this period to improve dietary habits and physical activity patterns in children and adults. The periodic monitoring of dietary patterns through the INCA surveys is an essential part of the surveillance network in France.

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The aim of this article is to contribute to the development of our  understanding of two aspects of attitude change in Australia. First, both cohort and individual explanations for attitude change are tested empirically. Second, empirical evidence is provided about the nature and scope of change in gender role attitudes amongst males and females, and of different birth cohorts in Australia, as reported in two survey periods: 1994 and 2002. In particular, the question of whether there is empirical evidence of cohort differences in attitudes to gender roles in Australia is investigated. TheThe aim of this article is to contribute to the development of our understanding of two aspects of attitude change in Australia. First, both cohort and individual explanations for attitude change are tested empirically. Second, empirical evidence is provided about the nature and scope of change in gender role attitudes amongst males and females, and of different birth cohorts in Australia, as reported in two survey periods: 1994 and 2002. In particular, the question of whether there is empirical evidence of cohort differences in attitudes to gender roles in Australia is investigated. The findings show that birth cohorts display progressively more modern attitudes, but people tend not to change their attitudes as they get older. In addition, men and women have different attitudes to gender roles, with men displaying more traditional beliefs than women. Having more than one child makes women less inclined to express the belief that women should work.

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The Australian market research industry relies on telephone interviewing as one of its major data collection methods. Through Its LIST initiative, the industry has committed to best practice In research methods in order to address various concerns, especially the decline in response rates for telephone interviews. Response rates are determined by the co-operation of eligible respondents and their degree of contactabllity. The reported study is concerned with the way the industry attempts to manage contactabiIity. A study of fieldwork managers responSible for over 75% of all phone interviews in Australia revealed a limited use of contact enhancing strategies such as longer fieldwork periods and more callbacks. Commercial imperatives for timely surveys and a lack of end-user concern for response rate issues, along with cost issues, were believed to be responsible.

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The paper responds to the release of both the AusCERT and CSI/FBI computer crime and security surveys with a comparison of the results between the two countries' respondents. Overall both surveys show the trend that most organisations employ security technologies but half of them still experience incidents which compromise their security. These incidents have significant quantifiable losses but despite these organisations are still loathed to report to law enforcement agencies for various reasons. These include the impression that law enforcement agencies are not interested, and the negative publicity such incidents can cause in their aftermath.

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Survey response rates and response quality are declining in most markets, threatening the viability of many established research techniques. One attempt to combat this has been to make survey completion more convenient for respondents, with on-line surveys being an example of this. This paper looks at respondent attitudes to demographic questions in on-line surveys – questions that are crucial for many analysis practices and yet often have the highest non-completion rates. The exploratory survey conducted here (n=198) examined attitudes towards surveys and empirically examined the reasons behind non-completion and intentions to give misleading information. The results suggest that general attitudes towards providing demographic data in on-line surveys are related to the likely response behaviour, and the more uncomfortable someone claims to be with providing this data, the more likely they will be to either omit a response or exit the survey altogether. Past experience with on-line surveys increases the chances of respondents answering completely and accurately and in most cases, significantly reduces the likelihood of exiting the survey completely if asked these questions. Finally, there is some evidence that providing broad categorical response options is preferred to more specific categories or open text boxes, and this may represent the best technique for improving response rates and quality.

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Telephone interviewing is the major data collection method for the market research industry. Although social trends such as mobile phones and call screening make it harder to contact people, better technology and contact regimes can assist companies to ameliorate the situation. A study of fieldwork managers responsible for over 75% of all phone interviews in Australia revealed limited use of contact enhancing strategies such as longer survey periods and more callbacks. Commercial imperatives for timely surveys and a lack of end-user concern for response rate issues, along with costs concerns, were believed to be responsible.

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Sampling is fundamental to the credibility of any empirical investigation, and this is no different for the area of Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual (GLB) research. In fact, it would not be an overstatement to say that publication of GLB research into high quality and mainstream journals has been limited in part because of sampling issues. The purpose of this paper is to raise awareness of the unique sampling problems posed by GLB resaerch and to offer solutions to these through the use of web surveys and recruitment strategies. In particular, we provide data which show that, contrary to voiced concerns, when employed with a rigorous recruitment strategy, web surveys increase rather than reduce sampling coverage. Further, we provide evidence that the web survey technique can yield data of comparable quality to that obtained with a hard-copy survey. The paper concludes with strategies researchers can adopt to overcome barriers in obtaining a diverse GLB sample.

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Leadership, professional and other transferable skills are embedded in the expected attributes of Australian research postgraduates at the successful completion of their degrees. This paper reports on the development of an evaluation process for a postgraduate transferable skills program at The University of Melbourne, Australia. Existing and emerging evaluation practices and processes are examined in light of the literature on what constitutes 'good' evaluation of the type of program under consideration. The development of the process to go beyond the commonly used participant satisfaction surveys and to improve evaluation practices is described in detail. The results of the evaluation to date are provided and discussed in terms of their usefulness in incorporating particular improvements to the program. The implications for the evaluation of other programs of this type are considered.

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Information security is portrayed as a global problem that impacts all countries that are considered as part of the Information Society. Recent surveys show that there are increased concerns about computer crime. The paper will focus upon recent national security surveys from Australia and New Zealand and the trends that this research shows. Is it fair to assume the security practices are the same all over the world? The paper looks at security practices from a number of different countries perspectives and shows that security practices are not generic and vary from country to country. The paper will also evaluate the worth that National Security Surveys have in the field of Information Security Surveys.

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LSAY is a research program that follows young Australians as they move through secondary school, into further education or training, and into the labour market and adult life. This website provides access to the electronic full text versions of LSAY research reports, from 1996 to present.

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Many disparate groups in Australia now concur about the need for continuous food and nutrition monitoring.