Study of ensemble strategies in discovering linear casual models

Determining the causal structure of a domain is frequently a key task in the area of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery. This paper introduces ensemble learning into linear causal model discovery, then examines several algorithms based on different ensemble strategies including Bagging, Adaboost and GASEN. Experimental results show that (1) Ensemble discovery algorithm can achieve an improved result compared with individual causal discovery algorithm in terms of accuracy; (2) Among all examined ensemble discovery algorithms, BWV algorithm which uses a simple Bagging strategy works excellently compared to other more sophisticated ensemble strategies; (3) Ensemble method can also improve the stability of parameter estimation. In addition, Ensemble discovery algorithm is amenable to parallel and distributed processing, which is important for data mining in large data sets.

Book reviews : David Palmer, Ross Shanahan, and Martin Shanahan, eds., Australian Labor history reconsidered

An objective of this collection is to bring the history of the Australian labor movement to international attention. The editors introduce the collection with a brief overview of Australian labor history, emphasizing differences between the Australian and American experiences. The introduction argues that a unique aspect of Australian labor history is “laborism,” which is defined as the central place of the labor movement in Australian culture, as compared with the more marginal position of the labor movement in America. In Australia, this centrality is reflected in the embedding of trade unions and labor in the state through wage-fixing tribunals, a social security system designed to support the families of male wage earners, and the Australian Labor Party's strong links to the trade union movement. The introduction is informative and especially benefits from the insights of David Palmer, an American historian teaching at Adelaide's Flinders University. However, the introduction was apparently written later at the suggestion of an American reader and has thus not been fully integrated into the structure of the book.

The division of labor, capital, communication technology and economic growth : the case of China 1952–99

The implications of the division of labor, capital, and technology for economic growth have long been a fundamental issue in development economics. This paper employs the bounds testing approach to cointegration to examine the relationship between the division of labor, capital accumulation, communication technology, and economic growth for China over the period 1952–99. We find that in the long run, capital stock and the division of labor both have statistically significant positive effects on growth, while in the short run the effects are not significantly positive. Telecommunication technology, rather surprisingly, has a statistically insignificant impact on growth both in the long run and in the short run. Our findings indicate that there exists a long run equilibrium relationship between capital and the division of labor on the one hand, and economic growth on the other, thereby lending support to the division of labor theory of growth.

Eric Reece, society, Labor and developmentalism in Tasmania, 1900-1975

The thesis examines the life and times of former union organiser and Tasmanian ALP Premier, Eric Reece. It analyses the historical and biographical forces shaping state Labor politics in twentieth century Australia and investigates the ideologies of development, progress and environmentalism in Tasmania.