Simultaneous presentation of measured and calculated environmental results

Continuous measurement of internal and external environmental parameters is critical to our understanding of how buildings perform. Yet, the quantity and variety of time-series data can be quite overwhelming as well as onerous to decipher and present. In addition to this, is the fact that several of the collected data are useless in their raw format unless processed through algorithms to obtain identifiable and meaningful results.
These circumstances challenge the conventional way we present accumulated data and their processed outputs in order to get a better understanding of how and why the environmental performance occurred. It would be ideal if all of the collected and processed data could be presented in a simultaneous, yet, useful format. It is exactly the intention of this paper to suggest and present such a process as well as its format.
An example case study is provided where several parameters (air velocity, mean radiant temperature, humidity and air temperature) are measured periodically to calculate a time-series of internal comfort performance. However, external conditions of solar radiation and solar position as well as air temperature drive the interior building surface temperatures and help to explain the end result of internal comfort.
A program has been written to present the various sets of data graphically, in an integrated manner, animated as a function of time. The animation shows solar position, a cursor scanning weather data, the changing infra-red image and a representation of the resulting internal comfort performance throughout the
monitored period.

Reactions of Nb2 and Nb3 with CO, D2, N2, and O2 : reconciling experimental kinetics with density functional theory-calculated reaction profiles

 Calculated energy profiles for the reactions of neutral Nb₂ and Nb₃ metal clusters with CO, D₂, N₂, and O₂ are presented. In each reaction path, both a physisorption energy minimum, where the reactant remains intact, and a chemisorption energy minimum, where the reactant has dissociated, are calculated and linked by saddle points. We calculate branching ratios for the forward (dissociative) and reverse reactions which we compare with the experimental kinetic data. It is found that a combination of average thermal energies and barrier heights leads to wide variation in branching ratios which compares favourably to previously determined experimental reaction rates.

Uniform elongation and the stress-strain flow curve of steels calculated from hardness using empirical correlations

An empirical relationship between the hardness and uniform elongation of non-Austenitic hypoeutectoid steels has been developed. This new hardness-elongation relationship was combined with previously developed correlations of hardness and strength (yield and ultimate tensile strength) to predict the stressstrain flow curve from a single hardness test. The current study considers both power law hardening behavior and exponential hardening behavior. Reasonable agreement was observed between the experimental and predicted flow curves of a high strength, low alloy steel. Additionally, an empirical correlation of the flow strength at instability with hardness is provided. © ASM International.