The role of local grouping and global orientation contrast in perception of orientation-modulated textures

We explored the contribution to perception of orientation-modulated textures of visual processes selective either for orientation contrast or orientation grouping. To distinguish between these two processes we manipulated the axis of local grouping of texture elements independently of the direction of global orientation modulation. The general question posed was whether visibility of texture structure (measured as threshold for discriminating spatial-frequency of texture structure) is dependent on the magnitude of orientation contrast, strength and direction of local grouping, or some combination of the two. We demonstrated that the factor of primary importance is the amplitude of global orientation contrast rather than the presence of local grouping content. Using orientation-interleaved textures (containing two superimposed textures modulated around orthogonal orientations), we further showed that orientation single-opponent processes are a more likely candidate for detecting orientation contrast than double-opponent processes.

Evidence-based practice and the borders of data in the global information era

This article explores the range of boundaries to negotiate the demands of evidence-based practice. Increasing demands that social work be a profession committed to evidence-based practice have coincided with innovations in information technology, which potentially give social workers unprecedented access to a plethora of sources and types of evidence. Because these innovations can enable access to evidence beyond traditional boundaries, the question of how the author establish the borders of acceptability warrants consideration. Recommendations for a critical approach to selective evidence based for social work interventions are also provided.

Efficient serial and parallel implementations of the cutting angle global optimisation technique

We examine efficient computer implementation of one method of deterministic global optimisation, the cutting angle method. In this method the objective function is approximated from values below the function with a piecewise linear auxiliary function. The global minimum of the objective function is approximated from the sequence of minima of this auxiliary function. Computing the minima of the auxiliary function is a combinatorial problem, and we show that it can be effectively parallelised. We discuss the improvements made to the serial implementation of the cutting angle method, and ways of distributing computations across multiple processors on parallel and cluster computers.

Global social justice at the WTO? The role of NGOs in constructing global social contracts

Over the past decade, international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have been contesting the neo-liberal economic order in international politics by campaigning for normative conditions to bring about what Richard Falk calls 'humane governance'. However, the degree to which NGOs have contributed to the formation of global social contracts remains controversial. While NGO activists and various scholars advocate the establishment of such contracts, empirical testing of this normative argument is underdeveloped. Drawing upon this lack of empirical support, critics dismiss the global social contract concept and question the roles played by NGOs in international politics. This article addresses the controversy through a review, refinement and application of global social contract theory and an empirical study of two prominent international NGO campaigns directed at the World Trade Organization (WTO), an institution that represents a 'hard test case'. It explores the ways in which NGOs and their networks are challenging the neo-liberal basis of WTO agreements and contributing to the emergence of global social contracts. The article concludes that in some circumstances, NGOs have the capacity to inject social justice into international economic contracts and there is some basis for optimism regarding the formation of global social contracts involving NGOs, nation-states and international organizations.

Gender issues in the career development of IT professionals: a global perspective

Each period of technological change carries with it high expectations of societal and organizational restructuring that will favour the disadvantaged. The same is true for the Information and Communication Technologies. The fast expansion of the IT labour market, the need for diverse talents, the shift in the demand from technical to more general management and business skills, and the government's and employer's initiatives to improve women's representation in the IT sector created an image that? IT is one of the best-equal opportunity areas 'that provide wider opportunities for women to enter and succeed in this industry'. Nevertheless, the validity of these claims is yet to be established through empirical analysis.

The body, mind and soul of AFL footballers: tales of identity from the global sports entertainment industry

The paper discusses some of the findings of a research project funded by the Australian Football League (AFL) titled: Getting the Balance Right: Professionalism, Performance, Prudentialism and Playstations in the Life of AFL Footballers. The research explored the emergence and evolution of a professional identity for AFL footballers – an identity that has many facets including the ideas that a professional leads a balanced life, and has a prudent orientation to the future, to life after football. The AFL is a high profile, sports entertainment business in which brand relationships between the industry and its sponsors generate substantial income for the League, for Clubs, and for Coaches and players. In addition the AFL’s equalisation policies tightly regulate the ways in which Clubs can recruit, maintain and develop playing lists. In this context various tools of analysis are used to identify and characterise the particular Body, Mind and Soul elements of the young men who might be recruited to a Club; who might have significant time, money and effort invested in their development (as players, as persons); who might develop an identity as an AFL footballer. Drawing on Foucault’s work on the care of the self we argue that in this situation, narratives of identity necessarily involve a struggle for the Body, Mind and Soul of these young men.

Parallelization of dissipative particle dynamics simulation

The dissipative particle dynamics simulation is usually used to study polymer in mesoscopic space. The traditional methods are resource intensive, especially when the scale of research is large. Therefore, improving computing efficiency is a key point in this research area. Two major issues are addressed in this paper. First, the DPD methods are analysed and the most time-consuming parts are identified: conservative force, dissipative force and random force. Second, we describe how to parallelize the existing serial application in the Windows Compute Cluster Server (WCCS) platform. The results show that the parallel algorithm not only effectively shortens the computing time, but also improves the resource utilization rate.

Remedies in equity : the laws of Australia

A clear and simple overview of key remedies in equity. Extensive case examples and factual discussion complement a thorough examination of established principles. This includes coverage of the latest judicial decisions and any statutory modification of the remedies in equity. Wright, University of Adelaide; Hepburn, Deakin University.

Damage identification of steel beams using local and global methods

Structural condition monitoring methods can be generally classified as local and global. While the global method needs only a small number of sensors to measure the low-frequency structural vibration properties, the acquired information is often not sufficiently sensitive to minor damages in a structure. Local methods, on the other hand, could be very sensitive to minor damages but their detection range is usually small. To overcome the drawbacks and take advantage of both methods, an integrated condition monitoring system has been recently developed for structural damage detection, which combines guided wave and structural vibration tests. This study aims at finding a viable damage identification method for steel structures by using this system. First, a spectral element modelling method is developed, which can simulate both wave propagation and structural vibration properties. Then the model is used in updating analysis to identify crack damage. Extensive numerical simulations and model updating works are conducted. The experimental and numerical results suggest that simply combining the objective functions cannot provide better structural damage identification. A two-stage damage identification scheme is more suitable for identifying damage in steel beams.

The effects of the late 2000s global financial crisis on Australia's construction demand

An accurate measurement of the impacts of external shocks on construction demand will enable construction industry policymakers and developers to make allowances for future occurrences and advance the construction industry in a sustainable manner. This paper aims to measurethe dynamic effects of the late 2000s global financial crisis on the level of demand in the Australian construction industry. The vector error correction (VEC) model with intervention indicators is employed to estimate the external impact from the crisis on a macro-level construction economic indicator, namely construction demand. The methodology comprises six main stages to produce appropriate VEC models that describe the characteristics of the underlying process. Research findings suggestthat overall residential and non-residential construction demand were affected significantly by the recent crisis and seasonality. Non-residentialconstruction demand was disrupted more than residential construction demand at the crisis onset. The residential constructionindustry is more reactive and is able to recover faster following the crisis in comparison with the non-residential industry. The VEC model with intervention indicators developed in this study can be used as an experiment for an advanced econometric method. This can be used to analyse the effects of special eventsand factors not only on construction but also on other industries.