Parent, peer and media influences on body image and strategies to both increase and decrease body size among adolescent boys and girls

This study investigated the nature of body image and body change strategies, as well as the sociocultural influences on these variables, among a group of 1,266 adolescents (622 males, 644 females). In particular, it investigated weight gain and increased muscle, as well as weight loss. It was found that females were less satisfied with their bodies and were more likely to adopt strategies to lose weight, whereas males were more likely to adopt strategies to increase weight and muscle tone. Respondents with higher body mass index (BMI) evidenced greater body dissatisfaction and more weight loss strategies, but there were no differences between BMI groups in weight gain or strategies to increase muscles. Weight gain and strategies to increase muscles were more likely to be undertaken by older adolescents, but there were no grade level differences in weight loss. Media influences to alter weight, as well as feedback from mother, father, and both male and female peers, were greater for females. There were few grade level or BMI differences in regard to any of the sociocultural influences. The importance of these findings in terms of providing a better understanding of factors which may lead to a disturbed body image and body change disorders, particularly among adolescent boys, is discussed.

Synthesis and structure of tris(triphenyltin)benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate and its tri-DMSO adduct

The molecular structure of (Ph₃SnO₂C)₃C₆H₃ reveals distorted tetrahedral C₃O geometries for each tin atom. No intermolecular Sn...O associations occur between the molecules so that the trinuclear molecule may be considered monomeric. An increase in coordination number at tin is indicated by ¹¹⁹Sn NMR measurements conducted in d₆-DMSO solution and this has been confirmed by a structure analysis of (DMSO·Ph₃SnO₂C)₃C₆H₃·2 DMSO. In this structure, the tin atom geometries are distorted trigonal bipyramidal, existing within trans-C₃O₂ donor sets. Thus, while is it possible for the tin atoms to increase their coordination numbers in (Ph₃SnO₂C)₃C₆H₃, molecular aggregation to form polymeric arrays is precluded, most likely due to steric constraints.

Online algorithm for application layer anycast

Application layer anycast possesses the property of flexibility, however, all the proposed application layer anycast routing algorithms are based on probing so far. One disadvantage of probing algorithms is that there are too many probing packets, which degrade the network performance, wast network bandwidth. In this paper, we propose an online algorithm, balance algorithm, for application layer anycast. Compared with the probing algorithms, the proposed algorithm has no probing cost at all. We model the two kinds of algorithms, and analyse the performance of the two algorithms. The results show that the online balance algorithm is better than the probing algorithms in terms of performance. A simulation is conducting as future work.

Preparation of bioactive porous titanium-molybdenum alloy through powder metallurgy

Porous Ti-Mo alloy samples with different porosities from 52% to 72% were successfully fabricated by the space-holder sintering method. The pore size of the porous Ti-Mo alloy samples were ranged from 200 to 500 μm. The plateau stress and elastic modulus of the porous Ti-Mo alloy samples increases with the decreasing of the porosity. Moreover, an apatite coating on the Ti-Mo alloy after an alkali and heat treatment was obtained through soaking into a simulated body fluid (SBF). The porous Ti-Mo alloy provides promising potential for new implant materials with new bone tissue ingrowth ability, bioactivity and mechanical properties mimicking those of natural bone.

The strategic mindset of Australian manufacturing managers : some missing links

Manufacturing managers have a measurable mindset (or frame) that structures their response to the manufacturing environment. Most importantly, this frame represents a set of assumptions about the relative prominence of concepts in the manufacturing domains, about the nature of people, and about the sensemaking processes required to understand the nature of the manufacturing environment as seen through the eyes of manufacturing managers. This paper uses work in the area of text analysis and extends the scope of a methodology that has been approached from two different directions by Carley ( Journal of Organizational Behavior , 18 (51), 533-558, 1997) and Gephart ( Journal of Organizational Behavior , 18 (51), 583-622, 1997). This methodology is termed collocate analysis. Based on the analysis of transcripts of interviews of Australian manufacturing managers mind maps of the concepts used by these managers have been constructed. From an analysis of these mind maps it is argued that strategy plays a minor role in their thinking second only to the improvement domain, whereas design and related concepts play a dominant role in their day-to-day thinking

Interspecific differences in the Diel Vertical Migration of Marine Copepods : the Implications of size, color, and morphology

Samples collected by continuous plankton recorders (CPRs) between 1948 and 1992 were used to describe the diel vertical migration (DVM) behavior of 41 copepod taxa in the northeast Atlantic between 45 and 55?N and 11 and 31?W. A total of 13,622 samples, each representing - 18.5 km (10 nm) of tow, were analyzed. Since CPRs are towed in near-surface waters, taxa that exhibit DVM occur predominantly in samples taken at night. Larger taxa showed significantly stronger DVM, with body size explaining 47% of the intertaxa variation in DVM. For small taxa (< 1 mm wide) the residual variation in DVM was correlated with carotenoid pigment levels but not with body morphology, with more heavily pigmented taxa exhibiting DVM. For larger taxa (> 1 mm wide) the residual variation in DVM was correlated with body morphology but not with carotenoid pigment levels, with more elongate copepods not exhibiting DVM.