The recognition and protection of well-known trade marks in Indonesia

Legal context The recognition and protection of well-known marks in Indonesia has improved over the last few years for a variety of reasons.

Key points First, the Asian Crisis resulted in the creation of a Commercial Court, which is a clear improvement over the previously responsible District Courts. Secondly, the increasingly frequent publication of court decisions has improved transparency and consistency of those decisions. Well-known marks are now clearly protected against use for similar goods/services. Protection is extended to dissimilar goods/services by applying Article 16(3) TRIPS directly or by arguing that registration occurred in bad faith. Nevertheless, decisions thus far concern almost exclusively revocation and invalidity of registrations. Civil remedies such as damages and interim injunctions are hardly used, because the outdated civil procedural law has not familiarised judges with such legal instruments. Clearing the register of infringing registrations is another matter of concern. Cancellation for non-use for three consecutive years can be difficult, because the plaintiff is required to provide evidence of the last use in the production of the goods/services rather than in the course of trade more generally.

Practical significance While it has become much easier to protect well-known marks in Indonesia, much work remains to be done regarding the procedural framework of civil infringement proceedings and regarding the clearing of the register.

Pensions as well as postcodes : new SES measure

Centrelink information, as well as postcodes, will determine student SES for the purposes of the new equity loading – but only as an interim measure.

Ways in which 'community' benefits frail older women's well-being : '... we are much happier when we feel we belong'

Aim: This paper aims to explore frail older women’s lived experiences of ‘community’ and which aspects of ‘community’ they perceive as beneficial to their well-being.

Method: This qualitative project used a mixed methodological approach which integrated aspects of descriptive phenomenology and grounded theory. Ten frail, older women residing in South East Melbourne, Australia participated in in-depth interviews.

Results: This research obtained a rich and detailed account of the aspects of ‘community’ identified by participants as enhancing their well-being. These included: social contact, community dynamics, feelings of support and positive orientation.

Conclusion: This paper has increased our understanding of the factors supporting well-being of frail older women. Service providers should actively consider how they can strengthen these factors to improve social connectedness for frail older women by the use of volunteers, developing social networks and increasing availability and quality of community-based activities.

Well-conditioned configurations of fault-tolerant manipulators

Fault-tolerant motion of redundant manipulators can be obtained by joint velocity reconfiguration. For fault-tolerant manipulators, it is beneficial to determine the configurations that can tolerate the locked-joint failures with a minimum relative joint velocity jump, because the manipulator can rapidly reconfigure itself to tolerate the fault. This paper uses the properties of the condition numbers to introduce those optimal configurations for serial manipulators. The relationship between the manipulator's locked-joint failures and the condition number of the Jacobian matrix is indicated by using a matrix perturbation methodology. Then, it is observed that the condition number provides an upper bound of the required relative joint velocity change for recovering the faults which leads to define the optimal fault-tolerant configuration from the minimization of the condition number. The optimization problem to obtain the minimum condition number is converted to three standard Eigen value optimization problems. A solution is for selected optimization problem is presented. Finally, in order to obtain the optimal fault-tolerant configuration, the proposed method is applied to a 4-DoF planar manipulator.

Catecholamine and oxytocin cells respond to hypovolaemia as well as hypotension

Medullary catecholamine and hypothalamic neurosecretory oxytocin cells are activated by hypotension, but previous studies have provided uncertain outcomes concerning their ability to respond to a purely hypovolaemic stimulus. In the present study, injections of PEG/water and pentolinium were used to elicit non-hypotensive, isosmotic hypovolaemia and isovolaemic, isosmotic hypotension, respectively, in conscious rats. Animals were sacrificed 2 h after treatment. Immunolabelling for Fos, tyrosine hydroxylase and oxytocin established that these two stimuli activate almost identical populations of catecholamine neurons in the ventrolateral and dorsomedial medulla, and very similar populations of oxytocin cells in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus.

He did what? Well that wasn't handed over! Communicating risk in mental health

Mental health inpatient units are dynamic, complex environments that provide care for patients with heterogeneous ages, diagnoses and levels of acuity. These environments commonly expose clinicians and patients to many potential risks. Despite extensive research into risk assessment, prediction and management, no study has investigated how risk information is communicated at handover in acute mental health settings. Given the pivotal role handover plays in informing risk management, this evidence gap is significant. This paper reports on a study that investigated the practices of communicating risk at handover in an Australian acute mental health inpatient unit. The aim of this research was to identify the frequency and type of risk information communicated between nursing shifts, and the methods by which this communication was performed. A secondary aim was to identify effective and ineffective risk communication practices. This study involved an observational design method using a 14-item Clinical Audit Tool derived from handover principles outlined by World Health Organization. Five hundred occasions of patient handover were observed. Few risk information items were observed to be communicated in any method. Risk communication practice was inconsistent, and a key recommendation from the study is the use of standardized handover tools that ensures risk information is adequately reported.