The explanatory potential of congruence in the relationship between retail image, brand image and retail customer satisfaction

This paper aims to contribute to current customer satisfaction and retailing literature by conceptualising the relationship between retail image, brand image and whether a congruent relationship between the two influences customer satisfaction. Whilst most literature pertaining to customer satisfaction tends to consider the concept in terms of an independent variable, this paper seeks to explore retail image and brand image as antecedents to achieving this state and further proposing the mediating explanatory potential that a congruent relationship between the two plays. A conceptual model is developed, central constructs and subsequent research propositions are discussed.

Corporate brand identity and image congruence in the leisure services sector : a stakeholder perspective

This paper aims to contribute to current leisure services and branding literature by conceptualising the relationship between brand identity, brand image and whether a congruent relationship between the two influences customer satisfaction and loyalty. A conceptual model is developed in the context of zoological operations, central constructs and subsequent research propositions are discussed.

Being normal is the only way to be : adolescent perspectives on gender and school

A book for teachers and parents of adolescents. Draws on the writings of teenage boys and girls and uses these to build specific knowledge about what it means to be an adolescent at school, what it means to be Cool and Normal, and the effects of these social constructions on learning and relationships.

Gender performativity and normalizing practices

In this chapter we examine the normalizing regimes of practice that impact on the various ways in which young people at school define desirable forms of masculinity and femininity. Attention is given to the particular role that compulsory heterosexuality and gender duality play in prescribing appropriate behavior for boys and girls. By drawing on interviews with adolescent boys, a 13-year-old self defined "tomgirl," and an adult transgender woman, and examining written responses by girls, we highlight the kinds of issues that impact on their lives at school. We also consider the invisibility of transgender
and intersexual perspectives in most educational debates on gender and sexuality.

Gender, emotion and aggression in the workplace

This study explores emotion and aggressive behaviour in a male-dominated
organisation, an Australian police force. The study examines the extent to which men’s negative emotions are directly associated with their reported experience of aggressive behaviour. One hundred and fifty-nine male participants answered a questionnaire which measured: the intensity of negative feelings, whether or not the intensity of such negative feelings was directly associated with the experience of aggression, and the magnitude of the aggressive behaviour.

Gendered (s)explorations among same-sex attracted young people in Australia

This paper seeks to import a more complex understanding of gendered subjectivity into discussions of young people and homosexuality, and is based on an Australian national survey (n=749) of same-sex attracted youth (SSAY) aged between 14 and 21. Results revealed significant gender differences with regard to patterns of sexual attraction, behaviour and identity labels among participants. For the young men in the study, there was more congruence between feelings of gender a-typicality, same-sex attractions and same-sex behaviours. Overall, young women displayed more fluidity with regard to their sexual feelings, behaviours and identities. Young women were more likely to be engaged in private explorations of lesbianism, concurrent with participation in heterosexual sex and relationships. Young women were also grappling with more limited and emotionally risky opportunities for sex with other girls who were already known to them as friends. The invisibility of lesbianism as an identity or practice led to confusion about what feelings meant for the future in the arena of lived experience. The paper concludes that more research is needed into the impact of gender on the development of young people's experiences of homosexuality, particularly the manner in which invisibility and lack of social acceptance of a full spectrum of sexual diversity may disadvantage young women's emotional health and well-being.

The measurement of socio-economic status: investigation of gender-and age-specific indicators in Australia: national health survey 1995

Objective: To investigate thecorrelations between age- and gender-specificmeasures of socio-economic status versus healthstatus as measured by the SF-36.

Design: Population based study.

Participants: 38187 people aged between18 to 79 years who participated in the NationalHealth Survey in 1995.

Results: Factor analysis producedconsistent results that were interpreted interms of five conceptually meaningful domains(employment, housing, migration, family unitand education). The relative rank of thefactors differs between groups and in somecases factor composition requires items to beadded or deleted from the conceptual domains.

Conclusions: Age- and gender-specific SESscores based on these factors had strongerassociations with the physical and mentalcomponents of SF-36 than either an area basedindex or scores derived from males aged 40–44years. Overall the results supported thehypothesis that SES measures composed of socialand demographic items exhibit important age-and gender-specific differences which arerelevant for health.

Re Kevin : gender dysphoria and the right to marry

What does it comfort any of us to insist that an individual shall be a man, when for the purposes of ordinary life that individual can only be, and be recognised, as a woman? What pride can there be for a law which vetoes the attitudes dictated by ordinary humanity?[1]

Those suffering from gender dysphoria have been described in the following simple language:

People with gender dysphoria or gender identity disorder live with a conviction that their physical anatomy is incompatible with their true gender role. They have an overwhelming desire to live and function in the opposite biological sex.

The stereotyping of mathematics: gender and cultural factors

The Who and mathematics instrument is used to measure the extent to which mathematics is considered a male, female or gender-neutral domain. Data from students in grades 7-10 in Australia and Greece were compared to explore the impact of the cultural environment. The data were also examined for within country gender differences and possible differences among males and among females across the two countries. An additional perspective on the influence of prevailing cultural norms - Greek ethnic home background and the broader Australian milieu - was provided by the findings from a small sample of Australian students who attended a school with a strong Greek affiliation and who completed a trial version of the Who and mathematics instrument.

Negative perceptions about self-control and identification with gender-role stereotypes related to binge eating, problem drinking, and to co-morbidity among adolescents

Purpose
To examine the role of both positive and negative styles of self-control, and gender-role stereotypes in binge eating and problem drinking.

Method
Participants were 428 adolescent boys and 555 girls from predominantly Anglo-Australian backgrounds who attended regional state schools in New South Wales, Australia. Students completed standardized questionnaires that assessed problem drinking, binge eating, self-control styles, and identification with gender-role stereotypes. ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests were conducted to examine differences among adolescents who reported problems in binge eating, drinking, and both domains.

Results
Adolescents who reported eating and drinking problems also reported a high negative and a low positive sense of self-control coupled with self-identification with the traits that typically describe negative dimensions of gender-role stereotypes. Regardless of gender, problem drinking was mainly related to traits of negative masculinity (bossy, noisy aggressive, etc.) whereas binge eating was mainly related to negative femininity (shy, needs approval from others, etc.). Participants who reported eating and drinking symptoms recorded low scores on positive control, high scores on negative control, and also high scores on the negative dimensions of masculinity and femininity.

Summary
A negative and passive style of self-control coupled with an identification with negative dimensions of gender summarizes the type of self-regulation that is implicated in both binge eating and problem drinking, and co-morbid symptoms. There is a need for interventions working toward a more balanced gender self-concept and a positive sense of self-control.

Gender and ethics

Men and women lawyers value ethics differently, according to a study into law students' values.  About 700 final year law students responded to a questionnaire on hypothetical ethical situations which gave a snapshot understanding of the values of Australian students in their last year of law school.

Projections of the future path of the gender wage gap in Great Britain

Purpose – The paper attempts to project the future trend of the gender wage gap in Great Britain up to 2031.
Design/methodology/approach – The empirical analysis utilises the British Household Panel Study Wave F together with Office for National Statistics (ONS) demographic projections. The methodology combines the ONS projections with assumptions relating to the evolution of educational attainment in order to project the future distribution of human capital skills and consequently the future size of the gender wage gap.
Findings – The analysis suggests that gender wage convergence will be slow, with little female progress by 2031 unless there is a large rise in returns to female experience.
Originality/value – The paper has projected the pattern of male and female skill acquisition together with the associated trend in wages up to 2031.

Undoing men's privilege and advancing gender equality in public sector institutions

Discrimination against women in public sector organisations has been the focus of considerable research in recent years. While much of this literature acknowledges the structural basis of gender inequality, strategies for change are often focused on anti-discrimination policies, equal employment opportunities and diversity management. Discriminatory behaviour is often individualised in these interventions and the larger systems of dominance and subordination are ignored. The flipside of gender discrimination, we argue, is the privileging of men. The lack of critical interrogation of men's privilege allows men to reinforce their dominance. In this paper we offer an account of gender inequalities and injustices in public sector institutions in terms of privilege. The paper draws on critical scholarship on men and masculinities and an emergent scholarship on men's involvement in the gender relations of workplaces and organisations, to offer both a general account of privilege and an application of this framework to the arena of public sector institutions and workplaces in general.