Back then, and now - just who is David Bowie?

Our lives are often shaped and made meaningful by the stars and celebrities who enter them. Our bedrooms can become shrines of longing, identification and desire, and the friends we make and the lovers we take can gravitate around the famous figure we together so admire. For the writers of this piece, David Bowie is one such star-man: his music, lyrics, writings and performances are felt to wrap themselves around their youth, their rebellion, their hurt, and their love.

The role of back stress caused by precipitates on {101-2} twinning in a Mg-6Zn alloy

In the present study, the effect of precipitate characteristics on {101-2} extension twinning have been studied in a Z6 magnesium alloy. A strongly textured Z6 alloy plate was mechanically tested in twinning dominated orientation in solution treated and aged states. Optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and visco-plastic self consistent (VPSC) modelling are used to examine the effect of precipitate characteristics on twinning. The yield stress was observed to increase by ~80. MPa during ageing and it was estimated that CRSS for twinning increased by ~29. MPa based on VPSC simulations. The increment of twin system strengthening can be attributed to back stress generated by elastically deforming particles.

Thermal behavior of copper processed by ECAP with and without back pressure

Samples of electrolytic tough pitch (ETP) pure copper were subjected to 12 passes of Equal-Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) at room temperature with and without back pressure. Subsequent annealing was performed to evaluate the influence of back pressure during ECAP on the thermal behavior of ultrafine-grained copper. The microstructural and hardness changes caused by annealing were characterized by orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) and microhardness measurements. The application of back pressure resulted in an earlier drop in hardness upon annealing, which is believed to be associated with a lower critical temperature for the initiation of recrystallization and a rapid coarsening of microstructure. Regardless of whether back pressure was applied or not, structure coarsening during short-time annealing of ECAP-processed copper was governed by discontinuous static recrystallization. This is seen as a result of microstructure heterogeneity. Analysis of recrystallization kinetics was carried out based on observations of the microstructure after annealing in terms of the Avrami equation. The magnitude of the apparent activation energies for recrystallization in the absence of back pressure and in the case of back pressure of 100 MPa was estimated to be ~99 kJ/mol and ~91 kJ/mol, respectively. The reasons for reduced activation energy in the case of processing with back pressure are discussed.

New challenges in making plans: putting design back into the applied science of planning

The origins of the ‘planning’ lie in the regional sciences and attempts to undertake social engineering of land use occupancy.
Over the last 100 years planning, as a discipline, has variously dabbled in design on the margins with urban design and neourbanism, but has stayed staunchly in the applied science and social science realms. This penchant detrimentally affects its graduates abilities to holistically appreciate and envision the consequences of their decisions-making and plan-making, to convey strength of conviction and expertise to the community, but also to establish a solid basis upon which its professional practice applications and decision-making paradigms successfully articulate equity and comprehensiveness of rational land use and development planning and decision-making. While planning re-learnt how to legitimately evaluate design and aesthetics into planning in the 1960s through the emergent McHargian ecological design paradigm, quickly embracing it as a consequence of major environmental land use disasters that occurred ‘on its watch’ that were demonstrable failures of its claimed insight and professional responsibilities, it has struggled as a discipline to embrace design as an integral technology in its daily operations and expressed ‘territory’ of professional responsibility. This paper reviews this legacy and then charts some emergent patterns in the teaching and practice of planning in Australia that are attempting to re-position design as a legitimate and integral part of the knowledge and skills of a professional planners.

Enhanced superplasticity of magnesium alloy AZ31 obtained through equal-channel angular pressing with back-pressure

Excellent superplastic elongations (in excess of 1,200%) were achieved in a commercial cast AZ31 alloy processed by low temperature equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) with a back-pressure to produce a bimodal grain structure. In contrast, AZ31 alloy processed by ECAP at temperatures higher than 200 °C showed a reasonably uniform grain structure and relatively low ductility. It is suggested that a bimodal grain structure is advantageous because the larger grains contribute to strain hardening thus delaying the onset of necking, while grain boundary sliding associated with small grains provides a stabilizing effect due to enhanced strain rate sensitivity. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

Low-temperature compaction of Ti-6Al-4V powder using equal channel angular extrusion with back pressure

Equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE), with simultaneous application of back pressure, has been applied to the consolidation of 10 mm diameter billets of pre-alloyed, hydride-dehydride Ti-6Al-4V powder at temperatures ≤400 °C. The upper limit to processing temperature was chosen to minimise the potential for contamination with gaseous constituents potentially harmful to properties of consolidated product. It has been demonstrated that the application of ECAE with imposed hydrostatic pressure permits consolidation to in excess of 96% relative density at temperatures in the range 100-400 °C, and in excess of 98% at 400 °C with applied back pressure ≥175 MPa. ECAE compaction at 20 °C (back pressure = 262 MPa) produced billet with 95.6% relative density, but minimal green strength. At an extrusion temperature of 400 °C, the relative density increased to 98.3%, for similar processing conditions, and the green strength increased to a maximum 750 MPa. The relative density of compacts produced at 400 °C increased from 96.8 to 98.6% with increase in applied back pressure from 20 to 480 MPa, while Vickers hardness increased from 360 to 412 HV. The key to the effective low-temperature compaction achieved is the severe shear deformation experienced during ECAE, combined with the superimposed hydrostatic pressure.

Enhanced superplasticity in a magnesium alloy processed by equal-channel angular pressing with a back-pressure

An investigation was initiated to evaluate the feasibility of using equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) to obtain high superplastic elongations in the AZ31 alloy with a back pressure producing a bimodal grain structure. Processing by ECAP was performed using a die with an angle of 90 ° between the two parts of the channel and a ram velocity of 15-20 mm/sec. Some pressing were conducted with a back-pressure by making use of a backward punch in the exit channel of the die. Molybdenum disulphide and a graphite spray were used as lubricants and billets were pressed using processing route B c in which each billet is rotated by 90 °. The pressing were conducted at temperatures in the range from 423 to 523 K and every billet was quenched in water after each pass. The significance of the bimodal microstructure is attributed to the ability of the larger grains to more easily accommodate grain boundary sliding through intragranular slip and twinning and to contribute to the strain hardening capability.

"Music therapy helped me get back doing": perspectives of music therapy participants in mental health services

BACKGROUND: Mental health service development internationally is increasingly informed by the collaborative ethos of recovery. Service user evaluation of experiences within music therapy programs allows new phenomena about participation in services to be revealed that might otherwise remain unnoticed. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to demonstrate how asking service users about their experience of music therapy can generate useful information, and to reflect upon the feedback elicited from such processes in order to gain a deeper understanding of how music therapy is received among service users in mental health. METHODS: Six mental health service users described their experiences of music therapy in one or two individual interviews. Transcripts of interviews were analyzed using the procedures and techniques of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. RESULTS: Interviews with mental health service users provided rich, in-depth accounts reflecting the complex nature of music therapy participation. Super-ordinate themes refer to the context in which music therapy was offered, the rich sound world of music in music therapy, the humanity of music therapy, and the strengths enhancing opportunities experienced by service users. CONCLUSIONS: Participants indicated that they each experienced music therapy in unique ways. Opinions about the value of music therapy were revealed through an interview process in which the researcher holds an open attitude, welcoming all narrative contributions respectfully. These findings can remind practitioners of the importance of closely tuning into the perspectives and understandings of those who have valuable expertise to share about their experience of music therapy services in mental health.

Effect of back pressure during equal-channel angular pressing on deformation-induced porosity in copper

The effect of back pressure during equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) on deformation-induced porosity is investigated. While percolating porosity was found after 4 ECAP passes in the absence of back pressure, no percolation was detected when a back pressure of 200 MPa was applied. However, after ECAP with back pressure continued to 8 passes, percolating porosity did appear. The nature of the percolating porosity developed in severely deformed materials is discussed.

Back analyses for slope failures in rock

Some of the geotechnical parameters used in the analysis may not be accurately measured directly from laboratory tests due to effects of sample disturbance and errors of tests. The back analysis or the observational method are thus often applied to determine the representative and/or dominant strength parameters based on field observations in practice. Based on the Hoek-Brown failure criterion, it was known that the disturbance factor (D) should be determined with caution. The difficulty of measuring rock mass disturbance accurately has been shown. Three rock slope failures will be investigated in this paper using back-analysis technique. In addition, various rock mass strength parameters are taken into consideration.

The microbiome and mental health: looking back, moving forward with lessons from allergic diseases

Relationships between gastrointestinal viscera and human emotions have been documented by virtually all medical traditions known to date. The focus on this relationship has waxed and waned through the centuries, with noted surges in interest driven by cultural forces. Here we explore some of this history and the emerging trends in experimental and clinical research. In particular, we pay specific attention to how the hygiene hypothesis and emerging research on traditional dietary patterns has helped re-ignite interest in the use of microbes to support mental health. At present, the application of microbes and their structural parts as a means to positively influence mental health is an area filled with promise. However, there are many limitations within this new paradigm shift in neuropsychiatry. Impediments that could block translation of encouraging experimental studies include environmental forces that work toward dysbiosis, perhaps none more important than westernized dietary patterns. On the other hand, it is likely that specific dietary choices may amplify the value of future microbial-based therapeutics. Pre-clinical and clinical research involving microbiota and allergic disorders has predated recent work in psychiatry, an early start that provides valuable lessons. The microbiome is intimately connected to diet, nutrition, and other lifestyle variables; microbial-based psychopharmacology will need to consider this contextual application, otherwise the ceiling of clinical expectations will likely need to be lowered.

Effect of processing parameters on the magnetic properties and macrotexture of a Nd13.5Fe73.8Co6.7B5.6Ga0.4 alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing with back pressure

Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is a well-established thermo-mechanical processing technique, which could induce the c-axis texture of Nd2Fe14B in a melt-spun Nd13.5Fe73.8Co6.7B5.6Ga0.4 alloy. However, the effects of ECAP processing parameters, such as temperature, back pressure (BP), and multiple-pass ECAP routes, remain unknown for this alloy. In this paper, we have investigated the effects of these processing parameters on the c-axis texture formation. It is found by X-ray diffraction macrotexture analysis that the maximum intensity of (001) pole figures for the tetragonal-Nd2Fe14B phase (Imax) shows an increase from 2.7 to 4.1 m.r.d. (multiples of random distribution) by increasing the ECAP temperature from 723 to 823 K, while the difference in remanent magnetization between easy and hard directions (Δ Mr) rises from 24.0 to 41.5 Am2/kg. When the BP was increased from 0.25 to 0.5 GPa at 823 K, Imax showed an increase from 2.8 to 4.1 m.r.d. However, Imax saturated for BPs above 0.5 GPa, suggesting that BP has limited effect on the texture formation, although it is necessary for the compaction of the alloy powders. Two multiple-pass ECAP routes conventionally known as routes A and C were employed for two-pass ECAP at 823 K. It is found that route A processing is effective in enhancing the texture formation, while the texture is lost by a subsequent pressing when adopting route C. Therefore, the compaction of Nd13.5Fe73.8Co6.7B5.6Ga0.4 alloy powder using route A ECAP passes with 0.5 GPa BP at 823 K results in pronounced texture, which is beneficial for anisotropic hard magnetic properties.

Dont look back

The award-winning film Don't Look Back (1967) captures Bob Dylan on tour and on the cusp of change in 1965. Dylan was rapidly shedding his image as a folk musician and being reborn as a rock persona – and D. A. Pennebaker was there to record this fascinating transformation.This insightful book charts the ways in which Pennebaker revised aspects of observational 'direct cinema', a style of film-making that he helped to pioneer, in order to represent in innovative ways Dylan's onstage performances and backstage actions. Keith Beattie's perceptive and nuanced analysis explains the relationship between 'pose' and the performative presentation of 'persona', which forms the basis of the film's portrayal, and explores Pennebaker's relationship with Dylan in the film-making process. In doing so, the book highlights many remarkable moments fromDont Look Back and demonstrates how this landmark film eschewed the informationalism of the documentary form, revealing a captivating portrait of its beguiling subject.