Hyperspherical cluster based distributed anomaly detection in wireless sensor networks

This article describes a distributed hyperspherical cluster based algorithm for identifying anomalies in measurements from a wireless sensor network, and an implementation on a real wireless sensor network testbed. The communication overhead incurred in the network is minimised by clustering sensor measurements and merging clusters before sending a compact description of the clusters to other nodes. An evaluation on several real and synthetic datasets demonstrates that the distributed hyperspherical cluster-based scheme achieves comparable detection accuracy with a significant reduction in communication overhead compared to a centralised scheme, where all the sensor node measurements are communicated to a central node for processing. .

A discussion on passive location discovery in emitter networks using angle-only measurements

In this paper we discuss the ghost node problem found when triangulation of 2 or more nodes is required. We present and discuss a simple algorithm, termed ABLE (Angle Based Location Estimation), that will position randomly placed emitters in a wireless sensor network using a mobile antenna array. The individual nodes in the network are relieved of the localization task by the mobile antenna system and require no modifications to account for location determination. Furthermore, no beacon nodes (i.e. nodes that know their own position) are required. We provide analysis that indicates a reasonably small number of measurements are required to guarantee the successful
localization of the emitting nodes and demonstrate our results through simulation.

Propagation characteristics of lamb waves in stringer-stiffened panels

Stringer-stiffened plate-like structure is a typical engineering structure and its structural integrity is critical. A guided Lamb wave-based damage identification scheme and an online structural health monitoring (SHM) system with an integrated PZT-sensor network were developed. In the previous studies, the specimens were relatively simple. In this paper, the above mentioned method was extended to the stiffened plate-like structure—a flat plate reinforced by stringer. FE dynamic simulation was applied to investigate the Lamb wave propagation characteristics due to the existence of stringer with the consideration of its material and geometric configurations.

Maintaining optimal co-channel interference for power efficient wireless communication

Maintaining QoS (quality of service) guaranteed communication links, and improving the energy consumption; are two aspects that received a significant consideration in the modern wireless sensor network research. This paper formulates a transmission power control problem which satisfies both considerations mentioned above. Moreover, a class of functions for an iterative controller was introduced and analyzed for its convergence. The experimental evaluation of the controller justifies the theoretical assertions as well as the applicability of the control scheme in wireless nodes with minimum measurement capabilities.

Key predistribution scheme using finite fields and reed muller codes

Resource constraint sensors of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) cannot afford the use of costly encryption techniques like public key while dealing with sensitive data. So symmetric key encryption techniques are preferred where it is essential to have the same cryptographic key between communicating parties. To this end, keys are preloaded into the nodes before deployment and are to be established once they get deployed in the target area. This entire process is called key predistribution. In this paper we propose one such scheme using unique factorization of polynomials over Finite Fields. To the best of our knowledge such an elegant use of Algebra is being done for the first time in WSN literature. The best part of the scheme is large number of node support with very small and uniform key ring per node. However the resiliency is not good. For this reason we use a special technique based on Reed Muller codes proposed recently by Sarkar, Saha and Chowdhury in 2010. The combined scheme has good resiliency with huge node support using very less keys per node.

Guest editorial : In Journal of networks, v.7 n.3

Networking of computing devices has been going through rapid evolution and thus continuing to be an ever expanding area of importance in recent years. New technologies, protocols, services and usage patterns have contributed to the major research interests in this area of computer science. The current special issue is an effort to bring forward some of these interesting developments that are being pursued by researchers at present in different parts of the globe. Our objective is to provide the readership with some insight into the latest innovations in computer networking through this. This Special Issue presents selected papers from the thirteenth conference of the series (ICCIT 2010) held during December 23-25, 2010 at the Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology. The first ICCIT was held in Dhaka, Bangladesh, in 1998. Since then the conference has grown to be one of the largest computer and IT related research conferences in the South Asian region, with participation of academics and researchers from many countries around the world. Starting in 2008 the proceedings of ICCIT are included in IEEExplore. In 2010, a total of 410 full papers were submitted to the conference of which 136 were accepted after reviews conducted by an international program committee comprising 81 members from 16 countries. This was tantamount to an acceptance rate of 33%. From these 136 papers, 14 highly ranked manuscripts were invited for this Special Issue. The authors were advised to enhance their papers significantly and submit them to undergo review for suitability of inclusion into this publication. Of those, eight papers survived the review process and have been selected for inclusion in this Special Issue. The authors of these papers represent academic and/or research institutions from Australia, Bangladesh, Japan, Korea and USA. These papers address issues concerning different domains of networks namely, optical fiber communication, wireless and interconnection networks, issues related to networking hardware and software and network mobility. The paper titled “Virtualization in Wireless Sensor Network: Challenges and Opportunities” argues in favor of bringing in different heterogeneous sensors under a common virtual framework so that the issues like flexibility, diversity, management and security can be handled practically. The authors Md. Motaharul Islam and Eui-Num Huh propose an architecture for sensor virtualization. They also present the current status and the challenges and opportunities for further research on the topic. The manuscript “Effect of Polarization Mode Dispersion on the BER Performance of Optical CDMA” deals with impact of polarization mode dispersion on the bit error rate performance of direct sequence optical code division multiple access. The authors, Md. Jahedul Islam and Md. Rafiqul Islam present an analytical approach toward determining the impact of different performance parameters. The authors show that the bit error rate performance improves significantly by the third order polarization mode dispersion than its first or second order counterparts. The authors Md. Shohrab Hossain, Mohammed Atiquzzaman and William Ivancic of the paper “Cost and Efficiency Analysis of NEMO Protocol Entities” present an analytical model for estimating the cost incurred by major mobility entities of a NEMO. The authors define a new metric for cost calculation in the process. Both the newly developed metric and the analytical model are likely to be useful to network engineers in estimating the resource requirement at the key entities while designing such a network. The article titled “A Highly Flexible LDPC Decoder using Hierarchical Quasi-Cyclic Matrix with Layered Permutation” deals with Low Density Parity Check decoders. The authors, Vikram Arkalgud Chandrasetty and Syed Mahfuzul Aziz propose a novel multi-level structured hierarchical matrix approach for generating codes of different lengths flexibly depending upon the requirement of the application. The manuscript “Analysis of Performance Limitations in Fiber Bragg Grating Based Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer due to Crosstalk” has been contributed by M. Mahiuddin and M. S. Islam. The paper proposes a new method of handling crosstalk with a fiber Bragg grating based optical add drop multiplexer (OADM). The authors show with an analytical model that different parameters improve using their proposed OADM. The paper “High Performance Hierarchical Torus Network Under Adverse Traffic Patterns” addresses issues related to hierarchical torus network (HTN) under adverse traffic patterns. The authors, M.M. Hafizur Rahman, Yukinori Sato, and Yasushi Inoguchi observe that dynamic communication performance of an HTN under adverse traffic conditions has not yet been addressed. The authors evaluate the performance of HTN for comparison with some other relevant networks. It is interesting to see that HTN outperforms these counterparts in terms of throughput and data transfer under adverse traffic. The manuscript titled “Dynamic Communication Performance Enhancement in Hierarchical Torus Network by Selection Algorithm” has been contributed by M.M. Hafizur Rahman, Yukinori Sato, and Yasushi Inoguchi. The authors introduce three simple adapting routing algorithms for efficient use of physical links and virtual channels in hierarchical torus network. The authors show that their approaches yield better performance for such networks. The final title “An Optimization Technique for Improved VoIP Performance over Wireless LAN” has been contributed by five authors, namely, Tamal Chakraborty, Atri Mukhopadhyay, Suman Bhunia, Iti Saha Misra and Salil K. Sanyal. The authors propose an optimization technique for configuring the parameters of the access points. In addition, they come up with an optimization mechanism in order to tune the threshold of active queue management system appropriately. Put together, the mechanisms improve the VoIP performance significantly under congestion. Finally, the Guest Editors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the 15 reviewers besides the guest editors themselves (Khalid M. Awan, Mukaddim Pathan, Ben Townsend, Morshed Chowdhury, Iftekhar Ahmad, Gour Karmakar, Shivali Goel, Hairulnizam Mahdin, Abdullah A Yusuf, Kashif Sattar, A.K.M. Azad, F. Rahman, Bahman Javadi, Abdelrahman Desoky, Lenin Mehedy) from several countries (Australia, Bangladesh, Japan, Pakistan, UK and USA) who have given immensely to this process. They have responded to the Guest Editors in the shortest possible time and dedicated their valuable time to ensure that the Special Issue contains high-quality papers with significant novelty and contributions.

Enabling cloud computing in emergency management systems

Emergencies, including both natural and man - made disasters, increasingly pose an immediate threat to life, health, property, and environment. For example, Hurricane Katrina, the deadliest and most destructive Atlantic tropical cyclone of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season, led to at least 1,883 people's death and an estimated loss of - 108 billion property. To reduce the damage by emergencies, a wide range of cutting-edge technologies on medicine and information are used in all phases of emergency management. This article proposes a cloud-based emergency management system for environmental and structural monitoring that utilizes the powerful computing and storage capability of datacenters to analyze the mass data collected by the wireless intelligent sensor network deployed in civil environment. The system also benefits from smartphone and social network platform to setup the spatial and population models, which enables faster evacuation and better resource allocation.

An alternative node deployment scheme for WSNs

© 2001-2012 IEEE. Sensing coverage is a fundamental design problem in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). This is because there is always a possibility that the sensor nodes may function incorrectly due to a number of reasons, such as failure, power, or noise instability, which negatively influences the coverage of the WSNs. In order to address this problem, we propose a fuzzy-based self-healing coverage scheme for randomly deployed mobile sensor nodes. The proposed scheme determines the uncovered sensing areas and then select the best mobile nodes to be moved to minimize the coverage hole. In addition, it distributes the sensor nodes uniformly considering Euclidean distance and coverage redundancy among the mobile nodes. We have performed an extensive performance analysis of the proposed scheme. The results of the experiment show that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing approaches.

A distributed gateway selection algorithm for UAV networks

In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has been widely adopted in military and civilian applications. For small UAVs, cooperation based on communication networks can effectively expand their working area. Although the UAV networks are quite similar to the traditional mobile ad hoc networks, the special characteristics of the UAV application scenario have not been considered in the literature. In this paper, we propose a distributed gateway selection algorithm with dynamic network partition by taking into account the application characteristics of UAV networks. In the proposed algorithm, the influence of the asymmetry information phenomenon on UAVs' topology control is weakened by dividing the network into several subareas. During the operation of the network, the partition of the network can be adaptively adjusted to keep the whole network topology stable even though UAVs are moving rapidly. Meanwhile, the number of gateways can be completely controlled according to the system requirements. In particular, we define the stability of UAV networks, build a network partition model, and design a distributed gateway selection algorithm. Simulation results show using our proposed scheme that the faster the nodes move in the network, the more stable topology can be found, which is quite suitable for UAV applications.

Reliability evaluation for clustered WSNs under malware propagation

We consider a clustered wireless sensor network (WSN) under epidemic-malware propagation conditions and solve the problem of how to evaluate its reliability so as to ensure efficient, continuous, and dependable transmission of sensed data from sensor nodes to the sink. Facing the contradiction between malware intention and continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) randomness, we introduce a strategic game that can predict malware infection in order to model a successful infection as a CTMC state transition. Next, we devise a novel measure to compute the Mean Time to Failure (MTTF) of a sensor node, which represents the reliability of a sensor node continuously performing tasks such as sensing, transmitting, and fusing data. Since clustered WSNs can be regarded as parallel-serial-parallel systems, the reliability of a clustered WSN can be evaluated via classical reliability theory. Numerical results show the influence of parameters such as the true positive rate and the false positive rate on a sensor node's MTTF. Furthermore, we validate the method of reliability evaluation for a clustered WSN according to the number of sensor nodes in a cluster, the number of clusters in a route, and the number of routes in the WSN.