Influence of non-hydrolysable groups in silane precursor on pore dimension and photochromic properties of sol-gel silica embedded with a spirooxazine dye

In this work, silica embedded with a spirooxazine dye was prepared by hydrolysis of silanes that bear a nonhydrolyzable group of different structures through a sol-gel route in the presence of a spirooxazine dye, and the pore dimension and photochromic properties of photochromic silica coatings on fabric were studied. The pore dimension in the silica was examined by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nitrogen adsorption porosimetry. The SAXS results revealed that the distance between pores was in the range between 0.8 nm and 1.9 nm and it increased with increasing the size of the non-hydrolyzable group. Pore size measured by nitrogen adsorption porosimetry was in the range of 2.1-2.7 nm. The photochromic optical absorption was influenced mainly by the hydrophobicity of the non-hydrolyzable groups, while the color changing rates were influenced by the steric effect of the non-hydrolyzable groups and their interaction with the dye.

‘We just call them people’: positive regard as a dimension of culture in group homes for people with severe intellectual disability

BackgroundA dimension of the culture in group homes is staff regard for residents. In underperforming group homes, staff regard residents as being not ‘like us’ (Bigby, Knox, Beadle-Brown, Clement & Mansell, 2012). We hypothesized the opposite pole of this dimension, in higher performing group homes, would be that staff regard residents positively.MethodThree in-depth qualitative case studies were conducted in higher performing group homes using participant observation, interviews and document review.ResultsConsistent pattern of staff practices and talk, as well as artefacts, demonstrated staff had a positive regard for residents, who were seen as being ‘like us’. Explicit and continuing attention was given to sustaining positive regard for residents in everyday staff practices and to turning abstract values into concrete realities.ConclusionsThis positive cultural norm was established, operationalized and embedded through structures, such as a formal policy about language, and processes such as peer monitoring and practice leadership.

Testing for predictability in panels of any time series dimension

The few panel data tests for the predictability of returns that exist are based on the prerequisite that both the number of time series observations, T, and the number of cross-section units, N, are large. As a result, it is impossible to apply these tests to stock markets, where lengthy time series of data are scarce. In response to this, the current paper develops a new test for predictability in panels where N is large and T≥. 2 can be either small or large, or indeed anything in between. This consideration represents an advancement relative to the usual large-. N and large-. T requirement. The new test is also very general, especially when it comes to allowable predictors, and is easy to implement. As an illustration, we consider the Chinese stock market, for which data are available for only 17 years, but where the number of firms is relatively large, 160.

Learning stable weights for data of varying dimension

In this paper we develop a data-driven weight learning method for weighted quasi-arithmetic means where the observed data may vary in dimension.

The new Anti-Semitism in Europe: the Islamic dimension of, and Jewish belonging in, the EU

This article examines the sense of Jewish vulnerability and exclusion in Europe that has resulted from manifestations, and Jewish perceptions, of the “new anti-Semitism,” and the role of Islamic communities in Europe in propagating this form of hatred of Jews. First emerging in 2000 with the outbreak of the second Palestinian Intifada, and tied in with the Middle East conflict, anger at Israel is directed at Diaspora Jewish communities. This “new anti-Semitism” targets the Jewish collective with the characteristics of anti-Semitism previously aimed at individual Jews. The article focuses on the wave of anti-Semitism that erupted as a result of the 2014 Israeli–Hamas War. Based on an analysis of European Jewish communities, it considers the active part played by European Muslim communities in perpetrating the new anti-Semitism. Using an analysis of survey data, emigration statistics and newspaper opinion articles by leading European Jewish intellectuals, the article considers how the new anti-Semitism is adversely affecting Jewish–Muslim relations and the concomitant sense of “belonging” of European Jewry. The article considers what is required to overcome the new anti-Semitism propagated by Muslim communities to restore a greater sense of Jewish belonging to, and identification with, Europe.

Cultural adaptation and validation of the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ): robust nine-dimension Danish language confirmatory factor model

Health literacy is an important construct in population health and healthcare requiring rigorous measurement. The Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ), with nine scales, measures a broad perception of health literacy. This study aimed to adapt the HLQ to the Danish setting, and to examine the factor structure, homogeneity, reliability and discriminant validity. The HLQ was adapted using forward-backward translation, consensus conference and cognitive interviews (n = 15). Psychometric properties were examined based on data collected by face-to-face interview (n = 481). Tests included difficulty level, composite scale reliability and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Cognitive testing revealed that only minor re-wording was required. The easiest scale to respond to positively was 'Social support for health', and the hardest were 'Navigating the healthcare system' and 'Appraisal of health information'. CFA of the individual scales showed acceptably high loadings (range 0.49-0.93). CFA fit statistics after including correlated residuals were good for seven scales, acceptable for one. Composite reliability and Cronbach's α were >0.8 for all but one scale. A nine-factor CFA model was fitted to items with no cross-loadings or correlated residuals allowed. Given this restricted model, the fit was satisfactory. The HLQ appears robust for its intended application of assessing health literacy in a range of settings. Further work is required to demonstrate sensitivity to measure changes.