Antidepressant induced mania in obsessive compulsive disorder.

Five cases of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and antidepressant (clomipramine, fluoxetine and citalopram) treatment emergent manic symptoms are presented. This is of relevance in terms of management, and may suggest an association between OCD and bipolar disorder.

Lithium blocks 45Ca2+ uptake into platelets in bipolar affective disorder and controls.

The basal uptake of radiolabelled 45Ca2+ into platelets and the effect of 1 mM lithium on uptake was measured in manic (n = 13) and depressed (n = 15) patients with bipolar disorder and in controls (n = 13). Lithium was significantly associated with inhibition of uptake of 45Ca2+ into platelets in all three groups. There were no significant intergroup differences in either basal levels of calcium uptake or the effects of lithium on calcium uptake (analysis of variance).

Response of obsessive compulsive disorder to carbamazepine in two patients with comorbid epilepsy.

An association between epilepsy and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) has been noted. The response of two patients with OCD and comorbid epilepsy to carbamazepine is reported. It is hypothesized that obsessive compulsive symptoms may be a variant of epileptiform forced thinking in a subgroup of patients, and may be preferentially responsive to anticonvulsant therapy.

Hoarding in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Understanding the comorbidity

Abstract
Hoarding disorder has a frequent co-occurrence with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). An accurate understanding of the comorbidity between hoarding disorder and ADHD remains unclear but is essential to inform appropriate assessment, prevention and treatment approaches. This paper will provide a review of potential comorbidity models and aetiological mechanisms implicated in both disorders in order to inform understanding of the nature of the comorbidity between hoarding disorder and ADHD. A correlated liabilities model is identified that implicates genetic, neurological, and executive functioning factors in the development and maintenance of hoarding symptoms in individuals with ADHD.

The efficacy of a brief behavioral sleep intervention in school-aged children with ADHD and comorbid autism spectrum disorder

Sleep problems are common in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and ADHD and impact adversely on child and parent well-being. The study evaluated the efficacy of a brief behavioral sleep intervention in children with comorbid ADHD-ASD.

Data-mining twitter and the autism spectrum disorder: a pilot study

The autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is increasingly being recognized as a major public health issue which affects approximately 0.5-0.6% of the population. Promoting the general awareness of the disorder, increasing the engagement with the affected individuals and their carers, and understanding the success of penetration of the current clinical recommendations in the target communities, is crucial in driving research as well as policy. The aim of the present work is to investigate if Twitter, as a highly popular platform for information exchange, can be used as a data-mining source which could aid in the aforementioned challenges. Specifically, using a large data set of harvested tweets, we present a series of experiments which examine a range of linguistic and semantic aspects of messages posted by individuals interested in ASD. Our findings, the first of their nature in the published scientific literature, strongly motivate additional research on this topic and present a methodological basis for further work.

Tobacco use in bipolar disorder

Tobacco use in mental health in general and bipolar disorder in particular remains disproportionally common, despite declining smoking rates in the community. Furthermore, interactions between tobacco use and mental health have been shown, indicating the outcomes for those with mental health disorders are impacted by tobacco use. Factors need to be explored and addressed to improve outcomes for those with these disorders and target specific interventions for people with psychiatric illness to cease tobacco smoking. In the context of bipolar disorder, this review explores; the effects of tobacco smoking on symptoms, quality of life, suicidal behavior, the biological interactions between tobacco use and bipolar disorder, the interactions between tobacco smoking and psychiatric medications, rates and factors surrounding tobacco smoking cessation in bipolar disorder and suggests potential directions for research and clinical translation. The importance of this review is to bring together the current understanding of tobacco use in bipolar disorder to highlight the need for specific intervention.

Healthy weight regulation and eating disorder prevention in high school students: a universal and targeted web-based intervention

Background: Given the rising rates of obesity in children and adolescents, developing evidence-based weight loss or weight maintenance interventions that can be widely disseminated, well implemented, and are highly scalable is a public health necessity. Such interventions should ensure that adolescents establish healthy weight regulation practices while also reducing eating disorder risk.

Objective: This study describes an online program, StayingFit, which has two tracks for universal and targeted delivery and was designed to enhance healthy living skills, encourage healthy weight regulation, and improve weight/shape concerns among high school adolescents.

Methods: Ninth grade students in two high schools in the San Francisco Bay area and in St Louis were invited to participate. Students who were overweight (body mass index [BMI] >85th percentile) were offered the weight management track of StayingFit; students who were normal weight were offered the healthy habits track. The 12-session program included a monitored discussion group and interactive self-monitoring logs. Measures completed pre- and post-intervention included self-report height and weight, used to calculate BMI percentile for age and sex and standardized BMI (zBMI), Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) nutrition data, the Weight Concerns Scale, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale.

Results: A total of 336 students provided informed consent and were included in the analyses. The racial breakdown of the sample was as follows: 46.7% (157/336) multiracial/other, 31.0% (104/336) Caucasian, 16.7% (56/336) African American, and 5.7% (19/336) did not specify; 43.5% (146/336) of students identified as Hispanic/Latino. BMI percentile and zBMI significantly decreased among students in the weight management track. BMI percentile and zBMI did not significantly change among students in the healthy habits track, demonstrating that these students maintained their weight. Weight/shape concerns significantly decreased among participants in both tracks who had elevated weight/shape concerns at baseline. Fruit and vegetable consumption increased for both tracks. Physical activity increased among participants in the weight management track, while soda consumption and television time decreased.

Conclusions: Results suggest that an Internet-based, universally delivered, targeted intervention may support healthy weight regulation, improve weight/shape concerns among participants with eating disorders risk, and increase physical activity in high school students. Tailored content and interactive features to encourage behavior change may lead to sustainable improvements in adolescent health.