International operations strategy of public sector organisations

Public sector organisations in many countries are internationalising their operations into other countries. This internationalisation frequently follows channels such as aid schemes offered by the country's government. An investigation was conducted to determine whether the four categories of stJ'ategy approach in Miles and Snow's typology could be used to categorise the internationalisation operation strategy approach of Australian public sector organisations. Qualitative data collected from eight Australian public sector organisations determined that a set of nine operations strategy dimensions identified from the literature applied to the internationalisation behaviours of Australian public sector organisations. The data also indicated that Miles and Snow's four categories of strategy could be used to describe the combined international operation strategy behaviours of Australian public sector organisations. In addition, it was found that the international operation strategy behaviours of Australian public sector organisations aligned with at least two (and in one case four) of Miles and Snow's strategy categories. Alignment with two of Miles and Snow's strategy categories was quite commonly identified in other empirical studies of this typology.

Facilitating and integrating learning within sport studies cooperative education : exploring the pedagogies employed by students, academics and workplace supervisors

Using an interpretative case study methodology, the pedagogical approaches used to facilitate and integrate student learning in cooperative education programmes in sport studies were investigated. This research drew from two New Zealand university cohorts and involved six focus group interviews. Findings suggested there were limited direct explicit attempts to integrate on- and off-campus learning. Integration was implicitly or indirectly fostered, principally by reflection through assessments (e.g., journals, reports), and primarily consisted of reflection-on-action (Schön, 1991) after the learning activities. Significantly, the integration of learning also consisted of reflection on personal growth, rather than critical reflection on theory or organisational practice.

Using grounded theory in sport management research

This paper argues for Grounded Theory (GT) to be more widely used to allow emergence of socially constructed sport related processes. The aim of GT is to explain social phenomena and the resources that are required to support social processes. GT is attractive to researchers as it uses the natural setting where the phenomena studied takes place to examine and understand social constructions. This paper demonstrates the importance of using GT by using a sport management study to exemplify GT processes and assess its efficacy in the discipline. Integration of GT method will strengthen sport management research and enable researchers understand social constructions associated with sport.

Negotiating masculinities via the moral problematization of sport

Researchers have raised concerns about the construction of dangerous/problematic masculinities within sporting fratriarchies1. Yet little is known about how male sport enthusiasts—critical of hypermasculine performances—negotiate their involvement in sport. Our aim was to examine how males negotiated sporting tensions and how these negotiations shaped their (masculine) selves. We drew on Foucault (1992) to analyze how interviewees problematized their respective sport culture in relation to the sexualization of females, public drunkenness and excessive training demands. Results illustrated how the interviewees produced selves, via the moral problematization of sport, that rejected the values or moral codes of hypermasculinity in attempts to create ethical masculinities. We suggest that a proliferation of techniques of self that resist hypermasculine forms of subjection could be one form of ethical response to the documented problems surrounding masculinities and sport.