RAN-Vic : renal access nurses of Victoria unite.

The Renal Access Nurse has recently become an integral member of the renal health care team in Australia. Research has shown that the introduction of a Renal Access Nurse into dialysis units enhances the referral process for new access, improves survival rates, and success of access creation. Australia has been relatively slow in the introduction of the role of the Renal Access Nurse. The USA, UK and Europe have been utilising Renal Access Nurses in renal units for many years and their roles are firmly entrenched.

The first Renal Access Nurse was introduced in Victoria in 2003, increasing to 7 in 2007. It was evident in 2006 that a networking system for Renal Access Nurses was needed in Victoria, so RAN-Vic was born.

RAN-Vic consists of 6 Renal Access Nurses from the major hubs in Melbourne and Geelong, thus covering a large part of the Victorian dialysis community through satellite units throughout the state.

The group meet quarterly, with the main goals being to network, share ideas, support each other with challenges arising from the new role, benchmark, undertake quality initiatives and education of renal nursing staff. By doing this, we hope to improve outcomes for patients, improve work practices pertaining to renal access, and further redefine the new role.

RAN-Vic is the first of its kind in Australia, providing care for renal access for the dialysis population throughout Victoria. We recommend for all states in Australia to consider forming a Renal Access Group to help improve renal access outcomes.

Reinforcing effects of graphene oxide on portland cement paste

Abstract: In this experimental study, the reinforcing effects of graphene oxide (GO) on portland cement paste are investigated. It is discovered that the introduction of 0.03% by weight GO sheets into the cement paste can increase the compressive strength and tensile strength of the cement composite by more than 40% due to the reduction of the pore structure of the cement paste. Moreover, the inclusion of the GO sheets enhances the degree of hydration of the cement paste. However, the workability of the GO-cement composite becomes somewhat reduced. The overall results indicate that GO could be a promising nanofillers for reinforcing the engineering properties of portland cement paste.

A way through the dark and thorny thickets? The adjudication of ‘serious injury’ under the narrative tests in the Transport Accident Act 1986 (Vic) and the Workplace Injury Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 2013 (Vic)

The so-called narrative test provides the means by which injured persons who satisfy the statutory and common law definition of serious injury may bring proceedings for common law damages under s 93 of the Transport Accident Act 1986 (Vic) and s 134AB of the Accident Compensation Act 1985 (Vic) (or, for injuries after 1 July 2014, under ss 324-347 of the Workplace Injury Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 2013 (Vic)). These are among the most litigated provisions in Australia. This article outlines the legislative and political background to these provisions, the provisions themselves, and an account of the statutory and common law requirements needed to satisfy the provisions.

Carbon nanotube dispersion using Portland cement-compatible surfactants

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are among the strongest known materials. Their potential as nanoscale reinforcement for cementitious materials is significant, with some reported compressive strength increases in excess of 50%. However, there is a great deal of variability in the results obtained, with some researchers showing zero-to-marginal increases in mechanical properties. One major reason for this is the poor dispersion of CNTs within the cementitious matrix. Many different approaches have been employed to disperse the highly hydrophobic CNTs within water and cement paste, with varying degrees of success. This paper presents the results of dispersion trials undertaken on CNTs within neutral and alkaline aqueous solutions and assesses the relative performance of different surfactants to facilitate dispersion.

Distribution of carbon nanotubes in fresh ordinary Portland cement pastes: understanding from a two-phase perspective

Significant research advances have been made in the field of carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced ordinary Portland cement (OPC) paste composites in recent years. However, the distribution of CNTs in fresh OPC paste is yet to be fully researched and quantified, thereby creating a technical barrier to CNT utilization in concrete construction. In this study, fresh OPC paste was treated as a two-phase material containing solid particles (cement grains) and liquid solutions (pore solutions). A centrifugation-based technique was proposed to separate these two phases and the presence of CNTs in each phase was quantified. UV-Vis spectrometry showed that the degree of dispersion can achieve above 90 wt% using polycarboxylate superplasticizer. The results suggested an upper limit of 0.26 wt% for CNT addition into water before mixing with OPC, and the dispersion was found to be stable for at least 4 hours. Based on scanning electron imaging, the adsorption phenomenon of CNTs on OPC grains with size less than 4 μm was discovered. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicated these adsorptive particles have lower Ca to Si ratio. It was observed that about 0.5 mg of CNTs per gram of OPC grains was adsorbed in solid OPC grains in typical fresh OPC pastes. On the basis of these results, a conceptual model was proposed for the distribution of CNTs in fresh OPC paste where about 33 wt% of the CNTs stay in pore solution and 65 wt% of CNTs are adsorbed on OPC grains.