Providing sporting experiences for children in Out of School Hours Care (OSHC) environments : sport and physical activity participation and intentions

The Out of School Hours Sports Program (OSHSP) aimed to provide structured sporting experiences and community links to local clubs for children in Out of School Hours Care (OSHC). The OSHSP involved 17 State Sporting Associations (SSAs), 71 OSHC Services and local club representatives. This study explored children's participation in sport in and outside the OSHSP and parental intention for participation in sport in and outside the OSHSP. Surveys were received from 211 children (76 girls and 125 boys; mean age = 7.9 years, S.D. = 1.7) and their parents/guardians (37.9% response rate). OSHC is characterised by freedom of choice of participation in activities by children. The OSHSP was used to provide an opportunity to choose to participate in a sport while attending OSHC. At the OSHC Services surveyed, between 7.1 and 100% of the children attending OSHC chose to participate in the OSHSP. Of those children who chose to participate, 85% were participating in a sport, usually a different sport to the one offered in the OSHSP. This participation was largely club-based (49.8%), most often once a week for training and competition (55.2%). Parental intentions for children's participation in the OSHSP sports varied with respect to the number of years attending the OSHSP, where children played and trained in their main sport, and how many times a week a child played and trained in their main sport. Older children tended to play and train for sport more times per week and had been attending the OSHC for more years than younger children.

Trade commitments in education services : the need to move out of the current impasse

Education services is included as part of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). This inclusion, however, has not gone without its critics, and discussions about the liberalization of education remain distinctly polarized. This article seeks to bring a more balanced debate to the mix by presenting the case of New Zealand, one of the most liberalized World Trade Organization (WTO) Members in trade in education services. Through this case study, it is discussed how New Zealand has chosen to shape the growth of the education market and steer its developments by including controlled mechanisms as part of its regulatory framework.