Cutting choreography : redefining dance on screen

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Wry-necked memory : the matter of Ireland in cutting green hay and memory Ireland, and the poems of the pattern.

This paper examines the matter of Ireland in Buckley’s two memoirs, Cutting Green Hay (1983) and Memory Ireland (1985), and the poems of The Pattern (1979), in order to revisit critically the ways in which he constructs himself as a diasporic Irish-Australian, a participant in the most remote Gaeltacht. It raises questions of victimhood, of similar and different experience of being at the mercy of the land, and of his re-engineering of the place of the political in poetry. It argues that Buckley’s agonized positioning as Ireland’s ‘guest/foreigner/son’ was a project that was doomed by its utopianism, and that, obsessed as he became with Ireland, the angst within had little to do with ‘the Ireland within’ or without. The paper suggests that the poet’s slow and unacknowledged abandonment in his Irish period of a key tenet of modernism, its distrust of propaganda and the political, is in itself a new formation which had some continuity with the radicalism of his thinking during the formative years of the revolutionary catholic apostolate he led both at the University of Melbourne and nationally. It also points to the deployment of an ancient medieval Irish trope, that of the ocean (rather than a landmass) linking a dispersed community, as one of the ways the poetry effects a resolution of the issues of being ‘Irish’ in a remote country.

Evaluation of the thermal behaviour of bevelled cutting inserts using a numerical approach

The nose geometry of a hard and brittle metal cutting tool is generally modified in order to avoid the premature failure due to fracture under tensile stresses. While most research findings point to a favourable mechanical load pattern, the possible influence of the shape of the geometry on the thermal fields and the consequent changes in the stressed state of the tool seem to have attained less attention. The present work aims at establishing the thermal behaviour of bevelled tools under varying geometrical and process parameters. Data generated from statistically designed experiments and quick-stop chip samples are coupled to conduct numerical investigations using a mixed finite and boundary element solution to obtain the temperature distribution in bevelled carbide inserts. Due consideration is given to the presence of the stagnation zone and its size and shape. While the cutting forces and temperatures increased owing to the blunt shape of the tool, the possible absence of tensile stresses was found to be the likely effect of a more uniform temperature distribution resulting from a significant plastic contact on the principal flank and the consequent flank heat source. The characteristic low-temperature zones close to the nose of the conventional tool are taken over by the stagnation zone in bevelled tools. © IMechE 2007.

Machinability assessment and surface integrity characteristics of Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) using ultra-hard cutting tools

The application of austempered ductile iron (ADI) is gaining an ever greater share of the worldwide ferrous product market, specifically centering on the aerospace, automotive and shipping industries. ADI is a heat treated cast iron, which exhibits remarkable mechanical properties and provides an attractive material for designers and engineers to displace conventional materials. Previous attempts, however, to machine ADI using carbide or ceramic cutting tools produced poor tool life characteristics due to the relatively poor machinability of the workpiece. This paper presents a research study that has applied the advanced technology of modern ultrahard cutting tools, in an attempt to achieve enhanced machinability performance. This performance was evaluated through the analysis of cutting forces, tool wear, surface finish and roundness.

Evaluating cutting fluid machinability performance

Changes in the metal-working industry, as a result of new environmental legislation or health and safety initiatives, creates the need for constant re-formulation of soluble cutting fluids. In order for there to be confidence in the product's ability to perform its required function successfully, there must be some clearly defined test methods for assessing machinability. Such a test methodology must provide comprehensive data on the fluid's lubrication and cooling properties, which are likely to occur in application. This paper describes the functions of soluble cutting fluids and discusses ways in which performance has been previously determined. Furthermore, it presents a new method for assessing machinability which is proposed as the basis for the development of a new and universal test protocol.

Wear characteristics of ultra-hard cutting tools when machining austempered ductile iron

Nodularised Ductile Cast Iron, when subjected to heat treatment processes - austenitising and austempering produces Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI). The microstructure of ADI also known as "ausferrite" consists of ferrite, austenite and graphite nodules. Machining ADI using conventional techniques is often a problematic issue due to the microstructural phase transformation from austenite to martensite during machining. This paper evaluates the wear characteristics of ultra hard cutting tools when machining ADI and its effect on machinability. Machining trials consist of turning ADI (ASTMGrade3) using two sets of PCBN tools with 90% and 50% CBN content and two sets of ceramics tools; Aluminium Oxide Titanium Carbide and Silicon Carbide - whisker reinforced Ceramic. The cutting parameters chosen are categorized as roughing and finishing conditions; the roughing condition comprises of constant cutting speed (425 m/min) and depth of cut (2mm) combined with variable feed rates of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4mm/rev. The finishing condition comprises of constant cutting speed (700 m/min) and depth of cut (0.5mm) combined with variable feed rates of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4mm/rev. The benchmark condition to evaluate the performance of the cutting tools was tool wear evaluation, surface texture analysis and cutting force analysis. The paper analyses thermal softening of the workpiece by the tool and its effect on the shearing mechanism under rough and finish machining conditions in term of lower cutting forces and enhanced surface texture of the machined part.