3 resultados para surround
em Dalarna University College Electronic Archive
Resumo:
Uppsatsen undersöker hur de olika panoreringsteknikerna, direkt/ambient och direkt-överallt, för 5.1 surround uppfattas utav lyssnare. Enligt direkt/ambient ska alla direkta källor panoreras till frontkanalerna (L, C, R) och endast ambiens finnas i surroundkanalerna (Ls, Rs). Enligt direkt-överallt kan direkta källor panoreras till alla kanaler. Ljudstimuli i tre genrer har utav undertecknad framställts, rock/hårdrock, jazz/fusion och hip hop. Ett exempel enligt direkt/ambient och ett enligt direkt-överallt framställdes i varje genre. Vidare har två lyssningsundersökningar ägt rum, en med ”vana” lyssnare i ett kontrollrum samt en med ”vanliga” lyssnare i hemmiljö. Undersökningarna visade att de flesta föredrog direkt-överallt-produktionerna och dessa uppfattades även som mest omslutande vilket har visat sig vara en viktig egenskap för en musikproduktion i surround.
Resumo:
This licentiate thesis sets out to analyse how a retail price decision frame can be understood. It is argued that it is possible to view price determination within retailing by determining the level of rationality and using behavioural theories. In this way, it is possible to use assumptions derived from economics and marketing to establish a decision frame. By taking a management perspective, it is possible to take into consideration how it is assumed that the retailer should strategically manage price decisions, which decisions might be assumed to be price decisions, and which decisions can be assumed to be under the control of the retailer. Theoretically, this licentiate thesis has its foundations in different assumptions about decision frames regarding the level of information collected, the goal of the decisions, and the outcomes of the decisions. Since the concepts that are to be analysed within this thesis are price decisions, the latter part of the theory discusses price decision in specific: sequential price decisions, at the point of the decision, and trade-offs when making a decision. Here, it is evident that a conceptual decision frame that is intended to illustrate price decisions includes several aspects: several decision alternatives and what assumptions of rationality that can be made in relation to the decision frame. A semi-structured literature review was conducted. As a result, it became apparent that two important things in the decision frame were unclear: time assumptions regarding the decisions and the amount of information that is assumed in relation to the different decision alternatives. By using the same articles that were used to adjust the decision frame, a topical study was made in order to determine the time specific assumptions, as well as the analytical level based on the assumed information necessary for individual decision alternatives. This, together with an experimental study, was necessary to be able to discuss the consequences of the rationality assumption. When the retail literature is analysed for the level of rationality and consequences of assuming certain assumptions of rationality, three main things becomes apparent. First, the level of rationality or the assumptions of rationality are seldom made or accounted for in the literature. In fact, there are indications that perfect and bounded rationality assumptions are used simultaneously within studies. Second, although bounded rationality is a recognised theoretical perspective, very few articles seem to use these assumptions. Third, since the outcome of a price decision seems to provide no incremental sale, it is questionable which assumptions of rationality that should be used. It might even be the case that no assumptions of rationality at all should be used. In a broader perspective, the findings from this licentiate thesis show that the assumptions of rationality within retail research is unclear. There is an imbalance between the perspectives used, where the main assumptions seem to be concentrated to perfect rationality. However, it is suggested that by clarifying which assumptions of rationality that is used and using bounded rationality assumptions within research would result in a clearer picture of the multifaceted price decisions that could be assumed within retailing. The theoretical contribution of this thesis mainly surround the identification of how the level of rationality provides limiting assumptions within retail research. Furthermore, since indications show that learning might not occur within this specific context it is questioned whether the basic learning assumption within bounded rationality should be used in this context.
Resumo:
Bakgrund: Demenssjukdom är vanligt förekommande och denna patientgrupp ingår i distriktssköterskors uppdrag. Syfte: Att belysa distriktssköterskors erfarenheter av att möta personer med demensdiagnos och hur de anpassar vården utifrån vårdtagarens behov. Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie genomfördes med fyra stycken distriktssköterskor. För bearbetning av insamlad data användes innehållsanalys. Resultat: Analysen ledde till fram till fyra stycken kategorier: att möta en komplex vårdsituation, att bli utmanad, att ta till vara resurser och att anpassa sina vårdåtgärder till den enskilde eller till demenssjukdomen. Deltagarna förmedlade att personer med demenssjukdom är en utsatt och sårbar grupp och att vårda dem innebar en utmaning på flera olika plan. Det kräver fördjupade kunskaper och en förmåga att se till alla faktorer som omger denna patientgrupp, det är både utmanande, komplext och spännande. Att arbeta personcentrerat är något som både eftersträvas och görs i praktiken, även att ta till vara resurser som kommer vårdtagaren till godo. Slutsats: Distriktssköterskornas glädje och engagemang var framträdande och verkade vara kopplat till att de hade utbildning och kunskap. Forskning på personer med demenssjukdom och andra med nedsatt beslutsförmåga behövs och är önskvärt. Deras deltagande skulle ge värdefull kunskap som kan leda till att utveckla vården för denna patientgrupp.