2 resultados para supplementary stabilizers

em Dalarna University College Electronic Archive


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Syftet var att beskriva omvårdnaden kring nyfödda barns tillmatning på svenska BB-avdelningar, om föreskrifter följdes och om hänsyn togs till eventuell allergihereditet. Metod: Deskriptiv tvärsnittsstudie med kvantitativ ansats Resultat: Av alla nyfödda barn vid 26 barnkliniker i Sverige vecka 26 år 2009 (n=849) tillmatades 18 % . Moderns bröstmjölk gavs till 16% medan 78 % tillmatades med komjölksbaserad modersmjölksersättning. Den vanligaste orsaken till tillmatning av ersättning var att mammans egen mjölkproduktion inte hade kommit igång (24 %). Andra vanligt förekommande anledningar till tillmatning var lågt blodsocker (18 %) samt sugproblem hos barnen (16 %). Sexton barn tillmatades trots ett blodsockervärde motsvarande >2.2mmol/l. Vad gäller allergiförekomst tillfrågades endast 37 % av barnens föräldrar före tillmatning. Dokumentation om tillmatning fanns noterat i 80 % av barnens journaler. Motsvarande siffra för mammornas journaler var 34 %. Konklusion: Bristfälliga omvårdnadsåtgärder vidtas i samband med tillmatning av nyfödda spädbarn på BB-avdelningar, där allergifrågor ställs i för låg utsträckning. BB-kliniker har varierande referensvärde för vad som räknas som lågt blodsocker. Omvårdnadsbehov för nyfödda barn och deras föräldrar, där förmedlad kunskap om amningens betydelse, tas inte på allvar och oklara riktlinjer skapar förvirring. Föreskrifter och riktlinjer bör följas i större utsträckning an vad denna studie visar.

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Modular product architectures have generated numerous benefits for companies in terms of cost, lead-time and quality. The defined interfaces and the module’s properties decrease the effort to develop new product variants, and provide an opportunity to perform parallel tasks in design, manufacturing and assembly. The background of this thesis is that companies perform verifications (tests, inspections and controls) of products late, when most of the parts have been assembled. This extends the lead-time to delivery and ruins benefits from a modular product architecture; specifically when the verifications are extensive and the frequency of detected defects is high. Due to the number of product variants obtained from the modular product architecture, verifications must handle a wide range of equipment, instructions and goal values to ensure that high quality products can be delivered. As a result, the total benefits from a modular product architecture are difficult to achieve. This thesis describes a method for planning and performing verifications within a modular product architecture. The method supports companies by utilizing the defined modules for verifications already at module level, so called MPV (Module Property Verification). With MPV, defects are detected at an earlier point, compared to verification of a complete product, and the number of verifications is decreased. The MPV method is built up of three phases. In Phase A, candidate modules are evaluated on the basis of costs and lead-time of the verifications and the repair of defects. An MPV-index is obtained which quantifies the module and indicates if the module should be verified at product level or by MPV. In Phase B, the interface interaction between the modules is evaluated, as well as the distribution of properties among the modules. The purpose is to evaluate the extent to which supplementary verifications at product level is needed. Phase C supports a selection of the final verification strategy. The cost and lead-time for the supplementary verifications are considered together with the results from Phase A and B. The MPV method is based on a set of qualitative and quantitative measures and tools which provide an overview and support the achievement of cost and time efficient company specific verifications. A practical application in industry shows how the MPV method can be used, and the subsequent benefits