Omvårdnadsaspekter påBorderline personlighetsstörning ur ett sjuksköterske- och patientperspektiv

Syftet med föreliggande systematiska litteraturstudie var att belysa brister i omvårdnaden av patienter med borderline personlighetsstörning (BPS) och vad bristerna beror på. Vid Högskolan Dalarnas fulltextdatabas Elin och PsycInfo söktes vetenskapliga fulltextartiklar som omfattade BPS och omvårdnad. Av 35 artiklar valdes 14 ut varav 9 kvalitativa och 5 kvantitativa. Dessa artiklar kvalitetsprövades med 28 kriterier från granskningsmallar modifierade efter Forsberg och Wengström (2003), Willman, Stoltz och Bahtsevani (2006). Av artiklarna framkom att den viktigaste aspekten i omvårdnaden utgjordes av personalens patientbemötande. Faktorer av betydelse var personalens bristfälliga bemötande, avsaknad av kunskap och empati samt uppfattningen att patienter med BPS är svåra att behandla. Denna studie siktade till att öka omvårdnadspersonalens förståelse för gott bemötande och bibringa en vidare syn på patienter med BPS så att de inte förbises och går förlorade på grund av brister i vården.

Kvinnors och mäns återhämtning från psykisk ohälsa

The overall aim with this thesis is to describe and analyze women’s and men’s recovery processes. More specifically, the aim is to determine what women and men with experience of mental illness describe as contributing to the personal recovery process. The point of departure for the studies was 30 in-depth interviews conducted with 15 men and 15 women. The selection of interview subjects was limited to individuals who had been treated in 24-hour psychiatric care and diagnosed as having schizophrenia, psychosis, a personality disorder, or a bipolar disorder.   Four studies have been carried.  Study 1 was a baseline article that examined what people in recovery from mental illness outline as facilitating factors to their recovery. The results that emerged from that study indicated areas for further analysis to condense the understanding of the recovery process. In study 2 the similarities and the differences in recovery described by women and men were examined. In Study 3 women’s and men’s meaning-making with reference to severe mental illness facilitate the recovery process were studied. The forth study explored how peer-support contribute to women’s and men’s recovery from mental illness.   The results emphasize recovery from mental illness as a social process in which relationships play a key role in creating new identities beside the mental illness. For a majority of the participants meeting peers facilitated the recovery process. The participants described how peer support meant an end to isolation and became an arena for identification, connection, and being important to others. Throughout these recovery processes the impact of gender has been emphasized. The results from this thesis provide new insight into gender as an important factor in understanding the recovery processes. The results from the four studies emphasize the mental patient, the psychiatric interventions and the individual recovery strategies as being influenced by gender constructions.

Faktorer som bidrar till ett stabilare mående hos patienter med emotionellt instabil personlighetsstörning i heldygnsvård : en kvalitativ intervjustudie ur ett patientperspektiv

Bakgrund: Patienter med emotionell instabil personlighetsstörning upplevs som en svårbehandlad patientgrupp inom heldygnsvården. Omvårdnadspersonalens kunskap kring bemötande och behandling av denna patientgrupp är varierande vilket gör att vården ser olika ut. Detta kan resultera i ett ökat lidande hos patienten och frustration i personalgruppen. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att beskriva faktorer som bidrar till stabilare mående hos patienter med emotionellt instabilt personlighetsstörning under heldygnsvård. Metod: Som metod har använts en kvalitativ design med induktiv ansats. Studien baserades på sex intervjuer där informanterna var patienter med diagnosen emotionellt instabil personlighetsstörning. Intervjuerna analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultatet visade att bemötandet och engagemang hos personal var av stor vikt. Struktur och delaktighet var andra viktiga faktorer för att nå ett stabilare mående. Det framkom att heldygnsvården kunde bidra med ett avbrott i vardagen och att meningsfulla aktiviteter under vårdtiden var en annan viktig faktor. Slutsats: Patienterna upplevde att bli bemött som en individ av engagerad personal och att få vara delaktig i sin vård som två viktiga faktorer i processen mot ett stabilare mående. Heldygnsvårdens struktur och miljöombytet stod för återhämtning och en möjlighet att återfå rutiner. Det framkom även en önskan om fler meningsfulla aktiviteter såsom fysisk aktivitet och psykoedukation för att på bästa sätt ta tillvara på vårdtiden.

Salesperson’s Personality, Motivation and Selling Performance : The Study of New Product Selling

In the highly competitive environment businesses invest big amounts of money into the new product development. New product success potentially depends on different factors among which salespeople play an important role. The aim of this paper is to explore the potential link between salespeople’s personality, motivation to sell new products and performance in selling new products. Based on the theoretical background of the Big Five personality dimensions, motivation and selling performance hypotheses were formulated and tested using statistical methods of correlation and regression analysis. The data was collected within one technologically intensive organization – ABB AB in Sweden using online web questionnaire and self-assessment measurements. Total investigation was conducted among organization’s salesforce. The findings confirm the importance of salesperson’s personality empirically showing that the latter significantly predicts both motivation and performance in selling new products. From all the Big Five Extraversion was confirmed to be the most important predictor of both motivation and performance in selling new products. Extraversion was found positively related with both motivation and performance in selling new products. Salespeople scoring high in Extraversion and especially possessing such characteristics as confident, energetic and sociable tend to be more motivated to sell new products and show higher performance results. Other personality dimensions such as Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness to experience complexly approached are not proved to be significantly related neither with motivation nor performance in selling new products. The results are explained by the extreme importance of Extraversion in new product selling situation which analyzing in combination with the other personality dimensions suppresses the others. Finding regarding controlling for certain demographical characteristics of salespeople reveal that performance in selling new products is determined by selling experience. Salespeople’s age is not proved to be significantly related neither with motivation nor performance in selling new products. Findings regarding salespeople’s gender though proposing that males are more motivated to sell new products cannot be generalized due to the study limitations.

The effects of attitudes and personality traits on mode choice

We hypothesise that differences in people's attitudes and personality traits lead them to attribute varying importance to environmental considerations, safety, comfort, convenience and flexibility. Differences in personality traits call be revealed not only in the individuals' choice of transport, but also in other actions of their everyday lives-such as how much they recycle, whether they take precautions or avoid dangerous pursuits. Conditioning on a set of exogenous individual characteristics, we use indicators of attitudes and personality traits to form latent variables for inclusion in an, otherwise standard, discrete mode choice model. With a sample of Swedish commuters, we find that both attitudes towards flexibility and comfort, as well as being pro-environmentally inclined, influence the individual's choice of mode. Although modal time and cost still are important, it follows that there are other ways, apart from economic incentives, to attract individuals to the, from society's perspective, desirable public modes of transport. Our results should provide useful information to policy-makers and transportation planners developing sustainable transportation systems.