Fakalakalaka : The impact of a Tongan notion of development in a contemporary transnational world

This paper aims to explore a Tongan notion of development –'fakalakalaka' – in light of Western notions of development. Two case studies of international development aid schemes illustrate the impact of Tongan development ideas in practice. Drawing on a number of ethnographers' work on Tonga, 'fakalakalaka' appears broader than the Western notion of development. The latter is characterised by influential ideals of controllability and industrialisation. The notion of development among Tongans, on the other hand, tends to be directed by an underlying persistence that, for instance, reflects Tongan core values regarding social organisation. The production of textile 'koloa', controlled by women, emerges as central to the accomplishment of this three-dimensional development notion of intertwined physical, mental and spiritual aspects. The importance attributed to this specific kind of textile has increased in recent years and found two additional roles, or development strategies, in Tongans' contemporary transnational world.

Effects of central bank independence reforms on inflation in different parts of the world

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of CBI-reforms on inflation in different parts of the world from a theoretical and empirical perspective. Compared to previous studies, this study focuses on whether CBI-reforms have different effects on reducing inflation in different parts of the world. The study is based on a 132 country data-set from 1980 to 2005 compiled by Daunfeldt et al. (2008). The result indicates that the reduction in inflation due to the CBI-reforms varies between 2.2 and 12.32 percentage points in Asia, Europe, South America and Oceania, supporting the claim that implementing CBI-reforms can be successful in reducing inflation in most of the parts of the world.

"Man måste ju typ lära sig, annars går det inte" : World of Warcraft och lärande av engelska

Det här examensarbetet har sin utgångspunkt i elevernas intresse av att spela onlinespelet Word of Warcraft (WoW) vilket har lett fram till en undersökning om spelets eventuella påverkan på elevernas färdigheter i engelska, och hur den i så fall ser ut. Eftersom spelet inte finns på svenska är de flesta spelarna beroende av sina färdigheter i engelska för att kunna förstå och göra sig förstådd i spelet. Arbetet utgår från tre huvudfrågeställningar:1. Finns det ett samband mellan elevernas resultat i engelska och deras spelande av World of Warcraft? Om det finns ett samband, hur kan det beskrivas?2. Hur upplever eleverna som spelar World of Warcraft att de lär sig engelska? Upplever eleverna att de lär sig engelska när de spelar, och i så fall vad/hur?3. Hur upplever eleverna att deras fritidsintressen skulle kunna tas tillvara mer i engelskundervisningen?För att få svar på frågeställningarna genomfördes två undersökningar. Dels en jämförande studie av resultat på det nationella provet i engelska för år 9, där resultat jämfördes mellan elever som spelar World of Warcraft och elever som inte spelar. För att söka svar på frågeställning 2 och 3 genomfördes fokussamtal med två elevgrupper, en grupp med elever som spelar World of Warcraft och en elevgrupp som inte spelar.Analysen av resultat på det nationella provet visar att eleverna som spelar World of Warcraft uppvisar ett högre medelvärde på samtliga delprov än de som inte spelar. Skillnaden mellan spelare och icke spelare var störst när det gällde delprov B som testar elevernas receptiva förmågor (läs- och hörförståelse) samt även delprov A som testar den muntliga färdigheten. Även av fokussamtalen framgår att elevernas upplever att spelet påverkar deras språkliga färdigheter på ett positivt sätt, särskilt då det ger goda tillfällen att kommunicera muntligt på engelska samt mycket övning i att läsa och lyssna.

English Vowels: A World English Perspective

In spite of having a fixed standard of pronunciation, English is being used in various ways in parts of the world, particularly in its way of utterance. English vowel is playing one of the significant roles in making different varieties of English language. This essay tries to see into detail how some phonetic features (formant movement, frequency, pitch) of English vowels vary in relation to Bengali, Catalan, Italian, Spanish and Swedish speakers. It has been found that all these speakers vary a lot from each other in the utterance of English vowels.

Student and teacher response system : development of an interactive anonymous real-timeformative feedback system

This paper is focusing IT-supported real-time formative feedback in a classroom context. The development of a Student and Teacher Response System (STRS) is described. Since there are a number of obstacles for effective interaction in large classes IT can be used to support the teachers aim to find out if students understand the lecture and accordingly adjust the content and design of the lecture. The system can be used for formative assessment before, during, and after a lecture. It is also possible for students to initiate interaction during lectures by posing questions anonymously. The main contributions of the paper are a) the description of the interactive real-time system and b) the development process behind it.

Factors influencing tourism sustainability : The case of the World Heritage Falun Great Copper Mountain

This thesis focuses on identifying hindrances of achieving a sustainable tourism development on a base of a World Heritage Site. Using a case study of the World Heritage Site Falun Great Copper Mountain, the thesis assesses the situational context by using qualitative methods. Five semi- structured interviews with influential stakeholders were conducted to get an inside view of the current situation and to identify site-specific issues. The thesis identifies a number of factors that determine the successful implementation of measures leading towards sustainable tourism in the long-run; the most important being the lack of clear guidelines for the whole destination and no holistic planning approach within the municipality. The thesis concludes that despite the increased pressures towards establishment of sustainable tourism, the concept remains challenging to operationalize for the World Heritage Site without frameworks and tools from UNESCO.

The economic impact of sports mega-events : The case study of the FIS Nordic World Ski Championship Falun 2015

Since the second half of 1990s, the economic impact of sports mega-events concerned the researchers, the public and the professionals. The investment of public funds and the effects on several sectors of the economy motivate the economic impact studies. The economic impact of the FIS Nordic World Ski Championship Falun 2015 to the region of Dalarna is the topic of this thesis. This requires the calculation of direct, indirect and induced economic impact. Within the analysis, data from a questionnaire survey conducted on seven different days during the event are used. The final sample of the analysis contains 893 observations. The segmentation approach was applied for the calculations and the visitors were classified regarding their choice of accommodation. The regional economic impact is calculated at 321 M SEK and the employment effect on the tourism sector is estimated. However, the lack of information limits the study. The analysis could be extended with an accurate investigation of certain issues. Further, the impact of the event should be estimated from all the perspectives. The organization of sports mega-events creates tangible and intangible effects to the host-city. The thesis reviews literature on the economic impact studies of sports mega-events. The results of the study can be used for a comprehensive analysis of the case study. Further, the professionals of the tourism and the event could be benefited.