Bortom skolframgång : En analys av PISA 2006 ur ett intersektionellt perspektiv

Beyond school performance An analysis of PISA 2006 from an intersectional perspective One of the central questions in recent discussions about Swedish schools is which factors that influence school performance. Socio-economic background, gender, ethnicity, country of birth are some aspects that are mentioned in many international and national studies. Sweden is one of the participants in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and the results of PISA since 2000 show deteriorated results for Sweden in reading performance, mathematics and science among 15-year-old students. In order to set school performance in a broader context we analyzed data for the Swedish part of PISA 2006, in which 57 countries participated (of which 30 OECD-countries), with multivariate methods from an intersectional perspective. Our analysis of PISA 2006 shows a complexity of different social, economic and cultural factors behind students’ school performance. This intersectional result is also strengthened by the results from PISA 2009, not analysed here. Further, our results show that students’ school performance vary with immigration status but that this variation increases by the factor of social inequality in the Swedish society.

The Nurse Professional Competence (NPC) scale : self-reported competence among nursing students on the point of graduation

BACKGROUND: International organisations, e.g. WHO, stress the importance of competent registered nurses (RN) for the safety and quality of healthcare systems. Low competence among RNs has been shown to increase the morbidity and mortality of inpatients. OBJECTIVES: To investigate self-reported competence among nursing students on the point of graduation (NSPGs), using the Nurse Professional Competence (NPC) Scale, and to relate the findings to background factors. METHODS AND PARTICIPANTS: The NPC Scale consists of 88 items within eight competence areas (CAs) and two overarching themes. Questions about socio-economic background and perceived overall quality of the degree programme were added. In total, 1086 NSPGs (mean age, 28.1 [20-56]years, 87.3% women) from 11 universities/university colleges participated. RESULTS: NSPGs reported significantly higher scores for Theme I "Patient-Related Nursing" than for Theme II "Organisation and Development of Nursing Care". Younger NSPGs (20-27years) reported significantly higher scores for the CAs "Medical and Technical Care" and "Documentation and Information Technology". Female NSPGs scored significantly higher for "Value-Based Nursing". Those who had taken the nursing care programme at upper secondary school before the Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) programme scored significantly higher on "Nursing Care", "Medical and Technical Care", "Teaching/Learning and Support", "Legislation in Nursing and Safety Planning" and on Theme I. Working extra paid hours in healthcare alongside the BSN programme contributed to significantly higher self-reported scores for four CAs and both themes. Clinical courses within the BSN programme contributed to perceived competence to a significantly higher degree than theoretical courses (93.2% vs 87.5% of NSPGs). SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION: Mean scores reported by NSPGs were highest for the four CAs connected with patient-related nursing and lowest for CAs relating to organisation and development of nursing care. We conclude that the NPC Scale can be used to identify and measure aspects of self-reported competence among NSPGs.

Bidragande faktorer som påverkar patientens följsamhet i ögondroppsbehandlingen vid glaukomsjukdom – en litteraturstudie

Bakgrund: Glaukom är en kronisk progressiv ögonsjukdom och en av den främsta orsaken till blindhet i världen. Intraockulärt trycksänkande ögondroppar är den vanligaste behandlingsmetoden och följsamhet är mycket viktigt för att minska progression av sjukdomen och risken att bli blind. Tidigare studier har visat att det finns en bristande följsamhet hos patienter med denna behandling. Syfte: Att belysa de faktorer som påverkar patientens följsamhet så att sjuksköterskan ska få en bättre förståelse och kunna vägleda patienten till en bättre följsamhet. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie genomfördes baserad på 14 vetenskapliga artiklar med både kvalitativ och kvantitativ ansats. Resultat: Det finns många olika faktorer som påverkar patientens följsamhet i behandlingen med ögondroppar. Det kan vara faktorer som är orsakade av sjukvårdspersonal, av patienten själv samt av miljö/socioekonomiska skäl. Slutsats: Det är viktigt att fortsätta forska på de faktorer som påverkar patienters följsamhet vid ögondroppsbehandling för att sjuksköterskan ska kunna vägleda till en ökad följsamhet.