Barnmorskor 1897 : En undersökning av barnmorskornas livs- och arbetsvillkor i Falu provinsialläkardistrikt

Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att klargöra livs- och arbetsförhållandena för barnmorskorna i Falu provinsialläkardistrikt under senare delen av 1800-talet. Det finns forskning som menar att landsortsbarnmorskorna från förra sekelskiftet och bakåt oftast var gifta och/eller hade egna barn, och denna slutsats har inspirerat till föreliggande arbete. Med utgångspunkt i samtliga distriktsbarnmorskors civilstånd, ev. moderskap, ålder och ursprung år 1897, har sedan ett mindre antal valts ut för en djupare granskning. Undersökningen har alltså varit tudelad. Resultatet som helhet visar bl.a. att de flesta barnmorskorna var ogifta och barnlösa år 1897. Den djupare granskningen visar dessutom stor variation i livs- och arbetsvillkor, där exempelvis löner och arbetsbörda var mycket olika. Vidare forskning kring frågor som t. ex. beräkningsgrunderna för kontantlönerna, skulle nyansera bilden ytterligare.

Bildbar och ofarlig för omgivningen : En studie av 18 sinnesslöa skolhemselever vid Västmanlands sinnesslöanstalt å Sofielund, 1897-1906

Syftet med denna uppsats är att utforska hur resocialiserings- och uppfostrans-ideal av sinnesslöa fungerade vid Västmanlands sinnesslöanstalt å Sofielund. Studien är en fallstudie med individfokus, som följer 18 intagna skolhemsele-ver vid sinnesslöanstalten i Sofielund. Det material som har använts är bland annat intagningslistor, journaler och personliga akter för de 18 undersöknings-personerna, som finns tillgängliga hos Landstingsarkivet Västmanland. Av denna undersökning framkommer bland annat att de 18 undersökningsperso-nerna kom från relativt normala familjer och hemförhållanden, som i de flesta fallen tillhörde arbetarklassen. Samtliga undersökningspersoner ansågs vara bildbara vid intagningen till Sofielund och den största delen av dem ansågs före intagningen lida av lättare sinnesslöhet (idioti). Dessutom ansågs inte någon av dem vara farlig för sin omgivning. Skolpersonalens beskrivningar stödjer inte heller uppfattningen om att de skulle ha ansetts vara farliga. Om de 18 undersökningspersonerna framkommer att de i vissa fall inte ansågs vara bildbara av skolledningen, tidigare utlåtanden till trots. Följaktligen visar resultatet på att en stor del av undersökningspersonerna blev hemskickade efter utskrivning från skolhemmet, möjligen för att de ansågs vara bildbara och därmed inte var lämpliga i skolhemmet. Denna studies resultat pekar också på att uppföljningen av undersökningspersonerna var relativt systema-tisk. En sammanfattande slutsats i denna studie är också att det inte var ovanligt att undersökningspersonerna skickades hem, trots att de flesta gjorde ganska små framsteg i skolan.

Vilhelm Ekelund och det litterära fältet 1897-1949

Vilhelm Ekelunds och det litterära fältet 1897-1949 [Vilhelm Ekelund and the literary field 1897-1949] The theoretical background of this study is Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological approach to literature. I use his theory concerning the importance of cultural (and other forms of symbolic) capital for the individual artist – and his description of the literary field as a place characterized by continuous conflict between different categories of participants. In the article, I argue that as a young poet, Ekelund held a position in the field that was with the intellectual group as opposed to the group of commercial authors – and among the young avant-garde as opposed to among the consecrated and well-established writers. However, this position changed somewhat during the years Ekelund spent in exile (1908-1921), and it continued to change after his return to Sweden. His reputation as a thoroughly intellectual writer was accentuated and, as time passed, he himself became a consecrated artist with certain privileges – e.g. grants and awards – to defend.

Violence and reproductive health preceding flight from war : accounts from Somali born women in Sweden

Background: Political violence and war are push factors for migration and social determinants of health among migrants. Somali migration to Sweden has increased threefold since 2004, and now comprises refugees with more than 20 years of war experiences. Health is influenced by earlier life experiences with adverse sexual and reproductive health, violence, and mental distress being linked. Adverse pregnancy outcomes are reported among Somali born refugees in high-income countries. The aim of this study was to explore experiences and perceptions on war, violence, and reproductive health before migration among Somali born women in Sweden. Method: Qualitative semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 17 Somali born refugee women of fertile age living in Sweden. Thematic analysis was applied. Results: Before migration, widespread war-related violence in the community had created fear, separation, and interruption in daily life in Somalia, and power based restrictions limited access to reproductive health services. The lack of justice and support for women exposed to non-partner sexual violence or intimate partner violence reinforced the risk of shame, stigmatization, and silence. Social networks, stoicism, and faith constituted survival strategies in the context of war. Conclusions: Several factors reinforced non-disclosure of violence exposure among the Somali born women before migration. Therefore, violence-related illness might be overlooked in the health care system. Survival strategies shaped by war contain resources for resilience and enhancement of well-being and sexual and reproductive health and rights in receiving countries after migration.

Violence and reproductive health preceding flight from war : accounts from Somali born women in Sweden

Background: Political violence and war are push factors for migration and social determinants of health among migrants. Somali migration to Sweden has increased threefold since 2004, and now comprises refugees with more than 20 years of war experiences. Health is influenced by earlier life experiences with adverse sexual and reproductive health, violence, and mental distress being linked. Adverse pregnancy outcomes are reported among Somali born refugees in high-income countries. The aim of this study was to explore experiences and perceptions on war, violence, and reproductive health before migration among Somali born women in Sweden. Method: Qualitative semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 17 Somali born refugee women of fertile age living in Sweden. Thematic analysis was applied. Results: Before migration, widespread war-related violence in the community had created fear, separation, and interruption in daily life in Somalia, and power based restrictions limited access to reproductive health services. The lack of justice and support for women exposed to non-partner sexual violence or intimate partner violence reinforced the risk of shame, stigmatization, and silence. Social networks, stoicism, and faith constituted survival strategies in the context of war. Conclusions: Several factors reinforced non-disclosure of violence exposure among the Somali born women before migration. Therefore, violence-related illness might be overlooked in the health care system. Survival strategies shaped by war contain resources for resilience and