Concreteness in Business letters : a Corpus-based Analysis of British and Pakistani English

Linguistic features of business letters have been a research target of both linguists and business writers. In this study, the language of British and Pakistani Business letters was compared and contrasted in terms of concreteness and abstractness. A corpus of 100 business letters from Inner Circle and Outer Circle writers were collected for analysis. The findings of the study revealed that British writers use more specific and concrete nouns, definite determiners, numeral, possessive and demonstrative adjectives, cohesive and rhetorical devices than the Pakistani Writers in order to be become concrete and vivid in their communication. The present findings are rather corpus specific since the data include only two countries; however this study may lead to further cross circle research including Expanding Circle research of business letters in terms of concreteness and abstractness. The issue of concreteness in Cross-circle business English can also be studied from psychological, sociological and anthropological perspectives in future Research.

A corpus approach to discursive constructions of a hip-hop identity

This chapter is an analysis of a 100,000-word corpus consisting of message-board postings on hip-hop websites. A discourse analysis of this corpus reveals three strategies employed by the posters to identify themselves as members of the hip-hop community in the otherwise anonymous setting of the internet: (1) defined openings and closings, (2) repeated use of slang and taboo terms, and (3) performance of verbal art. Each strategy is characterized by the codification of non-standard grammar and pronunciations characteristic of speech, as well as by the use of non-standard orthography. The purpose of the discourse is shown to be a performance of identity, whereby language is used and recognized as the discursive construction of one’s hip-hop identity.

Vagabundeando por Carreteras secundarias : Un análisis de una moderna novela picaresca

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene el propósito de descubrir si la novela Carreteras secundarias (1996), de Ignacio Martínez de Pisón, puede considerarse como una contribución moderna al género de la picaresca. Para la realización de esta tesina se ha elegido como base conceptual la orientación crítica formalista, que identifica en el diseño estructural y en la presencia recurrente de algunos rasgos el principio organizativo y definidor de este género. A fin de subrayar la relevancia de las observaciones, se ha llevado a cabo la comparación entre esta novela contemporánea española y el Lazarillo de Tormes (1554), considerado como el modelo arquetípico de la picaresca. A través de un proceso analítico y comparativo se obtuvieron los resultados que nos permiten definir Carreteras secundarias como una novela picaresca moderna y afiliarla en el corpus del género picaresco.