Betydelsen av Humor som kommunikationsmedel i omvårdnad : Litteraturstudie

Syfte: Syftet med föreliggande litteraturstudie var att belysa betydelsen av humor som kommunikationsmedel mellan patient och sjuksköterska i omvårdnad, samt inom personalgrupp. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie, där relevanta artiklar söktes i databaserna Cinahl, PubMed och PsychInfo. Även sökmotorn Elin@Dalarna samt tidskriften Vård i Norden användes. Femton vetenskapliga artiklar, både kvalitativa och kvantitativa granskades och analyserades. Resultat: Resultatet av analysen visade två övergripande teman som handlade om humor som en copingstrategi och humor som relationsskapande. Analysen visade även att humor som kommunikationsmedel är viktigt i relationen mellan patient och sjuksköterska, där humor bygger en grund till en djupare relation. Humor hjälper patienten att hantera sjukdomstillstånd och är ett steg till tillfrisknande. Patienten kan lättare uttrycka och hantera känslor. Patienten upplever med hjälp av humor en ökad livstillfredsställelse och en effektivare stresshantering. Sjuksköterskan kan lättare hantera känslor och ta en paus från jobbiga situationer med hjälp av humor. Humor ger energi och stärker personalgruppen. Personalgruppen känner en samhörighet och kan lättare hantera situationer tillsammans genom att använda humor.

Las picaduras de abeja : Un análisis retórico del humor en La Colmena de Camilo José Cela

El presente trabajo tiene el objetivo de analizar los rasgos humorísticos y figuras retóricas en La Colmena de Camilo José Cela. La tesina se basa en las teorías de la superioridad, de la descarga, de la incongruencia y las teorías sociológicas y antropológicas según el estudio de José Antonio Llera. Nuestra investigación ha examinado particularmente el humor negro, grotesco y la ironía presente en la obra de Cela. Hemos podido concluir y afirmar que Cela usa el humor y la ironía a través de descripciones grotescas las cuales forman parte de su critica social y como mecanismo de defensa. Hemos establecido que el autor usa el humor para reflejar su propia elección subjetiva de la realidad de la posguerra. Finalmente hemos constatado que el humor es algo añadido lo cual se muestra a través de sus comentarios omniscientes.

Usual clinical practice for early supported discharge after stroke with continued rehabilitation at home : an observational comparative study

Introduction: Based on randomised controlled trials, evidence exists that early supported discharge (ESD) from the hospital with continued rehabilitation at home has beneficial effects after stroke; however, the effects of ESD service in regular clinical practice have not been investigated. The purpose of the current study was to compare ESD service with conventional rehabilitation in terms of patient outcomes, caregiver burden at 3 and 12 months and the use and costs of healthcare during the first year after stroke. Material and methods: This study was a subgroup analysis of a longitudinal observational study of patients who received care in the stroke unit at Karolinska University Hospital in Sweden. Patients who met the inclusion criteria for ESD in previous experimental studies were included. The patients were referred to available rehabilitation services at discharge, and comparisons between those who received ESD service (the ESD group, n = 40) and those who received conventional rehabilitation (the NoESD group, n = 110) were performed with regard to independence in activities of daily living (ADL), the frequency of social activities, life satisfaction, and caregiver burden and the use and costs of healthcare during the first year after stroke. Results: At 3 and 12 months, no differences were observed with regard to patient outcomes; however, ESD was associated with a lower caregiver burden (p = 0.01) at 12 months. The initial length of stay (LOS) at the hospital was 8 days for the ESD group and 15 days for the NoESD group (p = 0.02). The median number of outpatient rehabilitation contacts was 20.5 for the ESD group (81% constituting ESD service) and 3 for the NoESD group (p<0.001). There was no difference between the groups with regard to overall healthcare costs. Conclusions: ESD service in usual clinical practice renders similar health benefits as conventional rehabilitation but a different pattern of resource use and with released capacity in acute stroke care.

Humor in Pride and Prejudice : The Role of Humor in Austen’s Novel of Development

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