Akupunkturbehandling vid långvarigt smärttillstånd : Litteraturstudie

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att belysa evidens av akupunkturbehandling som smärtlindring vid långvarigt smärttillstånd. Resultatet baserades på 15 kvantitativa empiriska studier från databaserna Cinahl och PubMed. Dessa valdes utifrån relevans för studieområdet och granskades sedan med hjälp av en granskningsmall. Studier med medel eller hög kvalitet utifrån mallen inkluderades i litteraturstudien. En modifierad innehållsanalys användes, som utformade följande kategorier; smärtlindring vid olika akupunkturtekniker, evidens som talar för äkta akupunktur samt smärtlindring över tid. Resultatet visade att akupunkturbehandling ger en tillfredställd effekt vid långvarig smärta oberoende av akupunkturteknik. Shamakupunktur ger dock inte lika effektiv smärtlindring som äkta akupunktur. Effekten av akupunkturbehandling som smärtlindring kvarstår upp till ett år men avtar över tid. Slutsatsen är att smärtlindringen är mest effektiv direkt efter avslutad behandling, och fungerar på de olika smärtlokalisationer som inkluderats i litteraturstudien.

Acupuncture with manual and electrical stimulation for labour pain : a longitudinal randomised controlled trial

Background: Acupuncture is commonly used to reduce pain during labour despite contradictory results. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture with manual stimulation and acupuncture with combined manual and electrical stimulation (electro-acupuncture) compared with standard care in reducing labour pain. Our hypothesis was that both acupuncture stimulation techniques were more effective than standard care, and that electro-acupuncture was most effective.  Methods: A longitudinal randomised controlled trial. The recruitment of participants took place at the admission to the labour ward between November 2008 and October 2011 at two Swedish hospitals. 303 nulliparous women with normal pregnancies were randomised to: 40 minutes of manual acupuncture (MA), electro-acupuncture (EA), or standard care without acupuncture (SC). Primary outcome: labour pain, assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes: relaxation, use of obstetric pain relief during labour and post-partum assessments of labour pain. The sample size calculation was based on the primary outcome and a difference of 15 mm on VAS was regarded as clinically relevant, this gave 101 in each group, including a total of 303 women.  Results: Mean estimated pain scores on VAS (SC: 69.0, MA: 66.4 and EA: 68.5), adjusted for: treatment, age, education, and time from baseline, with no interactions did not differ between the groups (SC vs MA: mean difference 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.7-6.9 and SC vs EA: mean difference 0.6 [95% CI] -3.6-4.8). Fewer number of women in the EA group used epidural analgesia (46%) than women in the MA group (61%) and SC group (70%) (EA vs SC: odds ratio [OR] 0.35; [95% CI] 0.19-0.67).  Conclusions: Acupuncture does not reduce women's experience of labour pain, neither with manual stimulation nor with combined manual and electrical stimulation. However, fewer women in the EA group used epidural analgesia thus indicating that the effect of acupuncture with electrical stimulation may be underestimated. These findings were obtained in a context with free access to other forms of pain relief.