Omvårdnad av patienter som vårdas enligt lagen om psykiatrisk tvångsvård (LPT) inom psykiatrisk slutenvård: Sjuksköterskors upplevelser och erfarenheter : En kvalitativ intervjustudie

Bakgrund: All sjukvård i Sverige styrs av Hälso-och sjukvårdslagen [HSL]. Under vissa omständigheter kan denna lag behövas kompletteras med Lagen om psykiatrisk tvångsvård [LPT]. Dessa personer vårdas inom psykiatrisk slutenvård. Omvårdnadens syfte är att patienten samtycker till vården och tvångsvården kan över gå till frivillig vård. Dessa personers problematik är dock ofta komplex och omvårdnaden upplevs innebära många svårigheter för sjuksköterskorna. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter och upplevelse av omvårdnad i samband med LPT-vård inom sluten psykiatrisk vård. Metod: Empirisk kvalitativ studie med deskriptiv design. Studien baseras på sju semistrukturerade intervjuer med sjuksköterskor. Dessa analyserades med manifest innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultatet visade att en förutsättning för att uppnå målet med tvångsvården genom omvårdnad var att skapa en allians med patienten. Kommunikation som innefattade individuellt anpassad information var en nyckelfaktor till alliansskapande. Omvårdnadsarbetet innefattade samverkan och sjuksköterskorna upplevde ett behov av kompetensutveckling. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskor upplever att omvårdnad enligt LPT är en utmaning och sammankopplat med flertalet svårigheter. Erhålls kompetens, tid för reflektion och trygghet i arbetsgruppen ses dock inte omvårdnaden som en omöjlighet utan kan upplevas som positivt för både den som vårdar och för den som vårdas.

Validering av Alberta Context Tool (ACT) för bruk inom svensk kommunal äldrevård : Ett verktyg för implementering av evidensbaserad vård

The aim of this study was to conduct an instrument test of the Canadian questionnaire Alberta Context Tool (ACT) version Long-Term care for Swedish conditions. ACT is designed in order to measure the context in the care environment and different behaviours related to the changes in clinical practice. In total, 159 Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs) and Registered Nurses (RNs) within municipality care of the elderly were included in the survey. The test included the instrument's reliability and face validity.The reliability test was implemented through calculation of Cronbach´s Alpha, and showed internal consistency for five of the scales of the ACT-instrument with Cronbach´s Alpha values ranging between 0,728 and 0,873. However, three dimensions got lower values (0,558 - 0,683).The analysis was carried out with content analysis and carried out for LPNs and RNs in separate groups. The majority of LPNs expressed that it was easy to respond to the questions (56%), while nine percent considered it as difficult. Eleven comments were given about questions that were perceived to be unclear, complicated or contained difficult words. In the RN group only 30 percent considered that the questions were easy to respond to. One third of the RNs considered that part of the questions were unclear, and six RNs expressed also which questions they experienced as unclear. In general, the questions in the ACT were perceived as relevant. The instrument's relevance as a tool to measure contextual factors that influence the implementation of evidence based nursing can also be considered to be determined. By modifying the content in the questionnaire in accordance with what appeared in this survey and to implement yet another test, the instrument should be considered to be relevant for use within Swedish municipality care of the elderly. ACT can be used both as a tool in the work on improvement of clinical practice and as a tool for further research about implementation of evidence based nursing.

Translating and testing the Alberta Context Tool for use among nurses in Swedish elder care

Background. There is emerging evidence that context is important for successful transfer of research knowledge into health care practice. The Alberta Context Tool (ACT) is a Canadian developed research-based instrument that assesses 10 modifiable concepts of organizational context considered important for health care professionals’ use of evidence. Swedish and Canadian health care have similarities in terms of organisational and professional aspects, suggesting that the ACT could be used for measuring context in Sweden. This paper reports on the translation of the ACT to Swedish and a testing of preliminary aspects of its validity, acceptability and reliability in Swedish elder care. Methods. The ACT was translated into Swedish and back-translated into English before being pilot tested in ten elder care facilities for response processes validity, acceptability and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha). Subsequently, further modification was performed. Results. In the pilot test, the nurses found the questions easy to respond to (52%) and relevant (65%), yet the questions’ clarity were mainly considered ‘neither clear nor unclear’ (52%). Missing data varied between 0 (0%) and 19 (12%) per item, the most common being 1 missing case per item (15 items). Internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha > .70) was reached for 5 out of 8 contextual concepts. Translation and back translation identified 21 linguistic- and semantic related issues and 3 context related deviations, resolved by developers and translators. Conclusion. Modifying an instrument is a detailed process, requiring time and consideration of the linguistic and semantic aspects of the instrument, and understanding of the context where the instrument was developed and where it is to be applied. A team, including the instrument’s developers, translators, and researchers is necessary to ensure a valid translation. This study suggests preliminary validity, reliability and acceptability evidence for the ACT when used with nurses in Swedish elder care.