Traditioner och m��jligheter i nordisk sociologi

<p>Sociologisk Forsknings digitala arkiv</p><p>Ursprungligen publicerad i Sociologisk Forskning nr. 1 1966</p>

Producentens roll och dess utveckling : Hur ny teknik p��verkar producentens roll i musikproduktioner

Denna uppsats syftar till att redog��ra f��r hur producentens roll i musikproduktioner har utvecklats i f��rh��llande till ny teknik. F��rhoppningsvis kan denna kunskap leda till en b��ttre f��rst��else om yrkets utveckling och hj��lpa (aspirerande) producenter att utveckla och anpassa sitt kunskapsomr��de d��refter. En unders��kning i form av intervjuer med tv�� producenter/ tekniker har genomf��rts f��r att besvara vad som enligt dem ��r producentens roll i musikproduktioner och hur teknikens utveckling har p��verkat dem i sina roller. Uppsatsens teoretiska ramverk ��r inspirerad av det sociokulturella perspektivet som visar p�� hur vi l��r oss av den sociala och kulturella omgivning vi lever i. Resultaten visar att producentens roll blir alltmer multifunktionell och att vara musikproducent idag kan inneb��ra att man sk��ter om allt fr��n teknik till komposition, f��r att bara n��mna n��gra ansvarsomr��den. En m��jlig anledning till denna utveckling ��r hur datorns introduktion som ett verktyg i musikproduktion har ��ppnat d��rren f��r flera att l��ra sig hantera den n��dv��ndiga tekniken. ��

��r Mjukvaru-EQ:s s�� bra som utvecklarna lovar? : En j��mf��relse av h��rdvaru- och mjukvaru-EQ:s

I denna uppsats unders��ks skillnaden mellan EQ:s som analog h��rdvara och dess digitala motsvarigheter, dvs. emuleringar i pluginformat. I uppsatsen unders��ks enheterna genom tekniska m��tningar samt lyssningstest. I m��tningarna gick det att se tydliga skillnader i ��vertonsdistortionen ��ven om resterande parametrar var bra emulerade. I lyssningstesten uppfattade lyssningspanelen relativt stora skillnader mellan enheterna. Detta visar p�� att emuleringarna inte ��r s�� bra och exakta som utvecklarna p��st��r.

Inte bara j��mst��lldhet : Beslutet om f��r��ldraledighet, moderskaps- och faderskapsidealoch id��er om barns b��sta

More than gender equality. Decisions on parental leave and ideals around motherhood, fatherhood and the best interest of the child On the basis of 40 semi-structured interviews, this study discusses decision making processes regarding parental leave among nascent first-time middle-class parents in Sweden. We analyze motives and ideas behind the couples��� plans and decisions and how decisions on parental leave were made. We furthermore show how the decision making processes can be discussed in relation to the institutional context. The results show that ideals and norms of gender equality are accompanied by gendered divisions of work and care and a partially traditional view on motherhood and fatherhood. Contrary to previous studies, we do not find a clear link between gender equal ideals and explicit negotiations. An equal division of parental leave is, in some couples, taken for granted to such an extent that the decision on how to divide the leave is taken implicitly rather than explicitly. Decisions on division of parental leave are not isolated processes. Rather, ideals and norms around motherhood, fatherhood, gender equality and not least what is ���in the best interest of the child��� constitute part of the context in which these decision making processes take place.

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<p>Sociologisk Forsknings digitala arkiv</p>

Vem ��r den ekonomiske brottslingen? : En j��mf��relse mellan l��nder och brottstyper

Who is the economic criminal? A comparison between countries and types of crime In white collar crime research two particularly competing definitions (Sutherland versus the Revisionists) have dominated the field during the last two decades. Sutherland���s definition states that the sociodemographic profile is homogeneous (entrepreneur with high education and high or regular income), despite type of white collar crime or context. The definition given by the Revisionists states that white collar criminals��� demographic profile is heterogeneous (everyone can be convicted for white collar crime). As a consequence of this divided definitional approach we have a contradictive outcome of who the white collar criminal is. Our purpose is to investigate the qualification of the two definitions by analyzing heterogeneity/ homogeneity based on crime type and national context. The investigation is based on seven countries from the EES 2004 (European Social Survey). We use four types of crime. The results show a rather homogeneous demographic profile but there is also a certain substantial heterogeneity depending on kinds of crime and context. The results altogether indicate that the Revisionists��� definition is more correct in its description of the white collar criminal than Sutherland���s definition. The demographic profile of the white collar criminal seems to be more complex than a profile confined to just one social category would be and the contextual factor has an impact on the variety of the demographic profile. An important task for future research is to hold the door open for further demographic investigations depending on the type of crime and country that the study is based on.��

Sociologin i Grekland : fr��n 1907 fram till Metaxas-diktaturen (1936���1940) och andra v��rldskriget

Sociology in Greece from 1907 to the Metaxas dictatorship (1936���40) and the Second World War This paper focuses on pre-conditions for sociology to develop and the subject matters of emerging sociology in Greece. Pre-conditions were at hand but without continuity, and the opportunity for sociology to develop was lost. Sociology is said to have started in 1907 with the book The Social Question by Georgos Skliros. He presented sociology and Marxism as identical and deals with Greek society and (among other things) the language issue, all of which triggered off a vibrant debate. Sociological associations and journals were started. However, the initially reformist perspective of social science was gradually replaced by an approach that was more socio-philosophical, influenced by classical sociology, German sociology in particular. This turn was associated with the institutionalization of sociology at the universities during the 1920���s. The Metaxas dictatorship in 1936 put a stop to any further development of sociology for a long time.

Genrestratifiering och massmedias neutralisering av kritiken mot ADHD : Ett kunskapssociologiskt perspektiv

Genre stratification and the mass media���s neutralization of the critique of ADHD: A sociology of knowledge perspective This study examines how the Swedish mass media has dealt with the opposition against the neuropsychiatric diagnosis ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). Drawing on empirical data from eight of the largest newspapers in Sweden (n=778 articles) the study focuses on the scientific controversy of DAMP, 2000���2006. DAMP (Dysfunction in Attention, Motor Control and Perception) is a diagnostic term denoting difficulties similar to ADHD, and which was used in Sweden at the time of the controversy. The study uncovers the ideological role played by the mass media during the DAMP-controversy, and demonstrates the significance of genre. While the spokespersons for DAMP/ADHD were given exclusive and systematic access to the news genre, the forum of fact-production in the mass media, the critics of DAMP/ADHD were confined to arguing and expressing their opinions in the debate genre. Based on the various effects of genre differences a comprehensive analytical tool for the sociology of knowledge, called genre stratification, is developed in the study��

Barns strategier och ekonomisk utsatthet : knappa resurser som utg��ngspunkt f��r en f��rhandling av positionerna i familjen

Economic hardship and children���s strategies ��� scarce resources as a starting point for negotiating family positions The aim of this article is to discuss how children and adolescents experience everyday life in economic hardship and how a negotiation of the family positions can be linked to these experiences. The article takes its theoretical starting point in childhood sociology, and is based on an interview study involving 17 children between the ages of 6���18 in families living on or below the limit for receiving welfare benefits. The purpose of these interviews is to explore how these children experience economic hardship at home and among friends, focusing their own strategies and agency. I argue that the financial situation in these families do indeed challenge the way that the child position is traditionally understood, which also has implications for the children���s identity work. Including children as participants in research therefore becomes crucial in order to fully understand the ramifications of child poverty.��

Utbr��ndhet som arbetsskada och motst��ndsber��ttelse

Burnout as occupational injury and narrative of resistance During the last years of the 1990s and the first years of the 2000s, burnout was a common diagnosis for sick listing in Sweden. That burnout is directly related to working life was acknowledged by medical experts as well as in the public debate. The number of applications for occupational compensation due to social and organizational factors in work rose from a very modest degree to nearly a forth of the claims among occupational diseases. In this article 48 individual claims for compensation in cases of burnout as occupational disease are analyzed as narratives of resistance. In this respect they are seen as alternative accounts of risk in working life, but also as narratives about resistance. The concept, narratives of resistance, is used to understand the claimants��� argumentation for rights to compensation, as well as how the claimants draw upon public narratives of societal transformation to understand how they themselves have become ill from occupations that normally are not thought to be hazardous. One conclusion from the analysis is that the claimants regard their illness as the resistance of the body against changes in society and working life.��

Medierepresentationer av etnicitetsochmigrationsrelaterade fr��gor inom��ldreomsorgen i Sverige och Finland

Media representations of ethnicity- and migration-related issues within the elderly care in Sweden and Finland Research on welfare regimes and migration regimes has shown that Sweden and Finland have similar elderly care regimes but different migration regimes. It is against this backdrop that we set out to study what Swedish and Finnish daily press focusing on elderly care has written about ethnic minorities, migrants and migration. The study uses quantitative content analysis to analyze 241 daily newspaper articles published between 1995 and 2008. This article presents the themes that have been discussed, the elderly care actors that have been in focus (i.e. whether the focus has been on elderly care recipients, elderly care providers or informal caregivers), the ethnic backgrounds that these actors have had (i.e. whether the focus has been on the ethnic majority or on ethnic minorities) and the type of explanatory frameworks that the newspaper articles in focus have used. On the basis of this, we problematize the representations of ethnic minorities, migrants and migration that the newspaper articles in question put forth and the fact that the Swedish and Finnish daily press treats the issues at hand as if migration is mostly an issue that can be relegated to the periphery of the elderly care sectors��� agenda.��

Att leva och s��lja sin dr��m : Livsstilsf��retagaren mellan familjeliv, marknadoch politisk retorik

Living and selling a dream: Lifestyle entrepreneurship in the intersection between family, market and political rhetoric The article focuses on lifestyle entrepreneurship, characterised by a balancing work between personal lifestyle motives and economic motives. It builds on a qualitative study of business owners who have realized a life dream of starting a countryside business in the tourism and hospitality industry in Sweden. Through the notion of ���balancing work���, the analysis focuses on the tension between a personal life sphere and a market. In particular, the analysis highlights how the notion of ���the life dream��� emerges as a narrative practice of self-realization, simultaneously as it is offered as an experience product. The analysis demonstrates how the entrepreneurs balance between personal stories of togetherness and marketing practices, between images of right and wrong commodification, and between constraining working conditions and a popular image of the successful entrepreneur, reinforced by a political discourse on rural entrepreneurship. It is concluded that balancing work between personal identities and economic practices is a practice of valuation, offering new insights into working conditions and markets situated in the intersection between markets and personal life spheres.

Styrning och ideologiska dilemman i Skolverkets skolutveckling : exemplet ANDT-undervisning

Governing and ideological dilemmas in drug education Drug education (ANT) in Swedish schools has a history over decades. Here, the pedagogical approaches fluctuated between transfer of solid knowledge from the teacher to the pupil, and working with values and have a more pupil-driven teaching ��� a classic dichotomy. Rhetoric about the school���s way of teaching has thus always been ambivalent and subject to reexamination. The study analyses various textual material on ANT education. As a methodological tool Billigs concept Ideological dilemmas is used, which is a fruitful way to identify the rhetorical building blocks of (school) politics, but also to analyse political talk in more detail. The article analyses the ideological dilemmas under three dichotomies: Knowledge vs. values, teacher control vs. learner control, and prevention vs. promotion. Throughout we can see this question of how teaching could be successful, given the tension between authority and democracy. The article concludes by relating this basic ideological dilemma in a wider discursive context of governance in our time.��

F��rl��telse, f��rsoning och of��rsonlighet i ��verlevandes ber��ttelser efter kriget i Bosnien

Forgiveness, reconciliation and implacability in narratives of survivors after the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina In this article I analyze verbally portrayed experiences of 27 survivors from the 1990s��� war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. One aim of the article is to analyze markers for reconciliation and implacability, the second is to describe the terms for reconciliation which are actualized in those stories. The interactive dynamics, which occurred during the war, make the post-war reconciliation wartime associated. Narratives about reconciliation, implacability and terms for reconciliation, are not only formed in relation to the war as a whole but also in relation to one���s own and others��� wartime actions. The narratives about reconciliation become an arena in which we and them are played against each other in different ways ��� not least by rejecting the others��� acts during the war. In the interviewees stories implacability is predominant but reconciliation is presented as a possibility if certain conditions are met. These conditions are, for instance, justice for war victims, perpetrators��� recognition of crime and perpetrators��� emotional commitment (for example the display of remorse and shame).

���En aktiemarknad f��r alla��� : Integritet och marknadsomsorg i (sj��lv)regleringen av den svenska v��rdepappersmarknaden

���A stock market for all���. Integrity and concern for the market in the (self-)regulation of the Swedish securities market This article deals with the transformation process that led to the substantial growth of the securities markets, and also led to a situation where Sweden became one of the leading countries when it comes to ordinary people investing in shares and mutual funds. The article discusses how social control and regulation of the market changed as a result of this process. A sudden and strong unanimity for knowledge tests in order for a stockbroker to be allowed to conduct brokerage, advisory services and asset management was the significant change in this transformation process. Knowledge tests were first introduced on a voluntary basis by the industry itself, but is now a mandatory requirement by the State. This article argues that the unanimity for knowledge tests best can be understood by studying the broadening of the financial markets. The broadening meant that more groups in society ��� with very varying capabilities ��� had started to place their assets in the security markets. They were encouraged to do so since this was considered to be the solution to the growing number of socioeconomic problems. This article is mainly based on market statistics and document analysis supplemented by interviews.