ICC-profilers användbarhetvid gråbalansjusteringav arkoffsettryck

I detta examensarbete har gråbalansstyrning och ICC-profilers duglighet undersökts. ICC-profilernahar utvärderats utifrån den tryckkvalitet de genererat tillsammans med olika papper.Gråbalansstyrning har använts som gemensamma likare för samtliga testtryckningar. Detta tillfördeen variabel som var lika för samtliga papper i utredningen. Här med ökade sannolikheten att ICCprofilerskapade från olika papper, skulle ge en likvärdig kvalitet.I arbetet har många mätningar och beräkningar genomförts. De två främsta anledningarna till dettavar dels att utreda i vilken mån det gick att gråbalansjustera trycket och dels att inhämta jämförbaravärden på likheter och divergenser mellan olika kombinationer av ICC-profiler och papper. Mätdatahjälpte även till att ta hänsyn till de felkällor som fanns.Det var möjligt att gråbalansjustera trycket och det fanns likheter mellan en ICC-profil på olika papperoch även mellan fler ICC-profiler på samma papper. Samtliga resultat och slutsatser var beroendeav att neutral gråbalans upprätthölls under tryckningarna. Subjektiva och objektiva jämförelser visadebåda på att en ICC-profil inte kommer att påverkas av variationer mellan olika pappersleveranser,såvida dessa inte är större än skillnaden mellan de olika papperna.Med säkerhet kunde inte förutsägas från vilket papper en ICC-profil skulle skapas för att ge en högkvalitet på flera papper. Mest troligt var att likvärdigt resultat skulle kunna uppnås på G-Print, MultiArt Matt och Multi Art Silk.

Ungdomars tankar kring betydelsen av färg och form vid framställningen av en internationell webbtidning

När en grafisk profil för en spännande ny internationell webbtidning för ungdomar skall göras är det viktigt att tänka på hur färg och form påverkar våra känslor. Experiment med färg som har gjorts av ledande färgpsykologer och färgvetare som Goethe, Itten, Lüscher och Karl Ryberg bevisar att färg har en stor psykologisk påverkan på människan. Internet är ett väldigt effektiv kommunikationsmedium och för att kommunicera effektivt är det inte bara orden, utan även färgerna och formerna på webbsidorna som skall vara väl genomtänkta. Vilka färger kopplar ungdomar i Sverige och Chile ihop med vissa känslor? Vilka former kopplas ihop med samma känslor? Svaren på de frågorna sammanställdes och analyserades efter svaren på en enkät om färg och form som delades it till två högstadieskolor i Borlänge, Sverige och en i Santiago, Chile.

Gloss and gloss variations inelectrophotographic print = Glans och glansvariationer i elektrofotografiskt tryck

This degree project was performed at M-real Technology Centre in Örnsköldsvik. The perpose was to investigate thedifferences in gloss and gloss variations between chemical and ground toner and different paper grades in electrophotographicprints. Gloss is a property that gives the impression of a higher quality of a product. Therefore it is of great importance toaccomplish high gloss in advertising print.A test chart was printed on three different uncoated paper grades on three different printers. Thereafter, gloss, glossvariation, surface topography, print mottle and density were measured. A visual evalution was also performed. A multivariateanalysis was acheived of the data in order to find correlations between the measured variations.The results showed that paper grades with large surface roughness gave more variations in surface topography and glossvariations (both visual and measured) in print. A rough surface also gave more print mottle. Ground toner gave moresurface topography variations and mottle which increased with the amount of silicone used.

Redesign av facktidskriften Ingenjören

This degree project contains a theoretical and a practical part about magazine design. Literature aboutthe subject’s typography and magazine design has been studied and put into practice on the professionaljournal Ingenjören. Besides of that a study about the history of magazine typography for the lastfifty years has been done.Typography and other design factors are important for the magazine to be readable and gives at thesame time the magazine an identity of its own, which has become more and more important throughoutthe last decades.The result of this degree project is a new design for Ingenjören, a design that agrees more with howthe journal want to be considered. A new template, a dummy and a manual have been produced. A decisionof a board meeting of Ingenjörsförbundet in September is now what remains for the new design tobecome a reality.

The value of a saved tree : The lifecycle of CO2-emissions associated with the combination of printing paper and electricity production of wood in the U.S. and Sweden

The pulp- and paper production is a very energy intensive industry sector. Both Sweden and the U.S. are major pulpandpaper producers. This report examines the energy and the CO2-emission connected with the pulp- and paperindustry for the two countries from a lifecycle perspective.New technologies make it possible to increase the electricity production in the integrated pulp- andpaper mill through black liquor gasification and a combined cycle (BLGCC). That way, the mill canproduce excess electricity, which can be sold and replace electricity produced in power plants. In thisprocess the by-products that are formed at the pulp-making process is used as fuel to produce electricity.In pulp- and paper mills today the technology for generating energy from the by-product in aTomlinson boiler is not as efficient as it could be compared to the BLGCC technology. Scenarios havebeen designed to investigate the results from using the BLGCC technique using a life cycle analysis.Two scenarios are being represented by a 1994 mill in the U.S. and a 1994 mill in Sweden.The scenariosare based on the average energy intensity of pulp- and paper mills as operating in 1994 in the U.S.and Sweden respectively. The two other scenarios are constituted by a »reference mill« in the U.S. andSweden using state-of-the-art technology. We investigate the impact of varying recycling rates and totalenergy use and CO2-emissions from the production of printing and writing paper. To economize withthe wood and that way save trees, we can use the trees that are replaced by recycling in a biomassgasification combined cycle (BIGCC) to produce electricity in a power station. This produces extra electricitywith a lower CO2 intensity than electricity generated by, for example, coal-fired power plants.The lifecycle analysis in this thesis also includes the use of waste treatment in the paper lifecycle. Both Sweden and theU.S. are countries that recycle paper. Still there is a lot of paper waste, this paper is a part of the countries municipalsolid waste (MSW). A lot of the MSW is landfilled, but parts of it are incinerated to extract electricity. The thesis hasdesigned special scenarios for the use of MSW in the lifecycle analysis.This report is studying and comparing two different countries and two different efficiencies on theBLGCC in four different scenarios. This gives a wide survey and points to essential parameters to specificallyreflect on, when making assumptions in a lifecycle analysis. The report shows that there arethree key parameters that have to be carefully considered when making a lifecycle analysis of wood inan energy and CO2-emission perspective in the pulp- and paper mill in the U.S. and in Sweden. First,there is the energy efficiency in the pulp- and paper mill, then the efficiency of the BLGCC and last theCO2 intensity of the electricity displaced by BIGCC or BLGCC generatedelectricity. It also show that with the current technology that we havetoday, it is possible to produce CO2 free paper with a waste paper amountup to 30%. The thesis discusses the system boundaries and the assumptions.Further and more detailed research, including amongst others thesystem boundaries and forestry, is recommended for more specificanswers.

Formgivning av magasin i ett redaktionellt utvecklingsarbete

Tidningskompaniet, a publishing agency in Göteborg, has during the spring of 2003 developed a customermagazine for Göteborgsvarvet, a Half Marathon Race in Göteborg. If realized the magazine shallbe distributed to former participants of the race twice a year and will be financed by adverts.As part of the editorial concept, development of a graphic profile will be made for the magazine. Thisdegree project will result in the production of a »dummy« magazine to be presented to the client and tobe used by the advertisement sales people in their work.The magazine, named »Varvet«, will convey the message that anyone can run Göteborgsvarvet. Theintention is to give the magazine a »youthful and sporty« image.The work in this degree project has comprised designing the magazine in co-operation with an editorialconcept developer and a project leader at Tidningskompaniet, and also the production of 18 magazinepages including prepress work. The magazine has been made into a strictly sectionized product,with a mix of short and long articles with lighter material and strict how-to-do-it guides. The designhas been made to complement the editorial concept, with typography and colours that feel modern and»active«.The dummy magazine has been digitally printed using a Xeikon digital press and has been distributedto the client and the advertisement sales bureau.

Utvärdering av ICC-profiler och profil-inställningar för HP Indigo Press 1000

Det nystartade digitaltryckeriet Digaloo planerar att inom en snar framtid införa ICC-hantering i sittarbetsflöde. Med anledning av detta har en studie utförts där antalet erfordrade ICC-profiler undersöktssamt vilka akromatiska inställningar som bäst lämpar sig för tryckeriets HP Indigo Press 1000.Testtryckning utfördes på sex av Digaloos mest använda papperskvaliteter. Genom inläsning av testkartorhar de olika papperskvaliteternas reproducerbara färgrymder åskådliggjorts. Grundat på resultatetfrån denna testtryckning framställdes ICC-profiler för valda papperskvaliteter. Dessa genereradesmed olika inställningar för akromatisk repro och TIC (Total Ink Coverage). Vid en andra testtryckninganvändes dessa ICC-profiler för konvertering av mellanton-, natt- och snöbilder, vilka trycktespå olika papperskvaliteter.Resultatet från den första testtryckningen visar att HP Indigo Press 1000 återger störst förgrymd påpapperskvaliteten Silverblade Silk, tätt följd av Silverblade Art. De minsta färgrymderna reproduceraspå Lessebo Linné Gultonat och Lessebo Linné Naturvit.Vid perceptuell bedömning av de olika bilderna blev resultatet att bäst tryckresultat uppnås medpappersspecifika ICC-profiler. Detta gäller dock endast i två av tre fall. Vid bedömning av bäst lämpadTIC ansågs den idag på Digaloo använda nivån som mycket dålig. Genom att antingen sänka eller höjadenna nivå bedömdes tryckresultatet öka i kvalitet.Slutligen visar studien även att akromatik i form av UCR ger bäst bildåtergivning i mellanton- ochnattbilder på de valda papperskvaliteterna. De olika graderna av GCR i snöbilder anses dock passaolika bra beroende på vilken papperskvalitet som används.

Utvärdering av kvalité och dess behov inom förprovtryck

It always has been a need for the abiltiy to create color proofs. When an error occurs late in the production process, itis allways complicated and difficult to correct the error. In this project, digital proofs been made and discussions havebeen held with several people in the printing industry, in order to examine how well excisting digital proofs, meet thedemand of the market. And how close the digital proofs can come to the actual printsheat from the press. The study hasbeen shown that the one thing that has had the most influence on the outcome for the quality of a digital proof, is theprintshop operator’s knowledge about color management and proofing systems. Many advertising agencies in the graphicindustry think rasterised proofs are not necessesary and expensive. Therefor they prefer a cheaper alternative, whichdoesn’t show colors as well as the rasterised proof, but well enough to be content with it. There are a good awarenessconcerning lack of communication between printshop, reproduction and advertising agency. Advertising agencies thinkthat printshop rarely listen to what they have to say, while the printshop think that the advertising agency doesn’t understandwhat they are trying to tell them. The outcome of the printed proofs in this study can’t be representive for howgood digital proofs are conducted in regular basis in the industry. The divergence between the print press sheat and thedigital proof that was made was bigger than expected. This shows that implementation of ICC profiles in a color managementflow, not alone is the answer to making perfect digital proofs. There are so many other issues that has to be examined,like color management software, measure tools and correct color management module. In order to make a perfectproof, you have to look at the whole picture. In the end, the human eye finally has the last word on wheather theproof is good or not.

Print quality study of a laboratory offset press

PAPRO operates within the Forest Research company and their mission is to develop value-addingindustry solutions. At present there are no good ways for mills to easily test the printing quality on newsprintpaper. There is a great need for a fast way to do this on different paper qualities; with a laboratory-offset press this can be both a time and money saving method. At PAPRO Forest Research, NewZealand, a laboratory offset press has been developed and designed, during the past seven years, concerningthis issue. Earlier projects were made concerning the press, e.g. to establish the optimal settings.The mission with this project was to partly determine the present variability of the print quality andto evaluate if the fountain solution, distilled water and 2% Diol green concentrate, used at the momentmixed with different percentages of Isopropanol could decrease the variability and contribute to morestabile results. Throughout the whole project the print quality showed a high variation and was evenmore variable when the Isopropanol was added. All in all 50 print rounds times twelve printed paperstrips was carried out through the project divided into three parts. To analyse the print quality, amicroscope with an image capture camera has been used. Data from the taken images was analysedand inserted into charts to see the variations.The conclusions of the whole project are not satisfying because no final evaluations were possible tomake. Main conclusions are that the additive of Isopropanol to the ordinary fountain solution, used atpresent, only contributed to more unstable results of the print quality. And it seems to be difficult toget some stable results from the lab press as long as the room where it is placed is not fully conditionedas required for the process of offset printing. And the fact that the airbrush which applies theamount of fountain solution is also variable, as shown in earlier projects, which contributes to unstableresults as well. For further work more exact parameters as a conditioned room are required and thepossibility to further design the laboratory press to use waterless offset printing instead.

Evaluation of surface treatment techniques for polypropylene andimplementation of a method for testing ink adhesion

If a plastic material is used as a print bearer there are a need of a special surface treatment to get agod and durable printing. The most used surface treatment technique for the moment is coronatreatment. This kind of treatment has unfortunately showed not to be so durable in the long term.Plasma treatment which in this case uses different kind of gases in the treatment of polypropyleneis shown as a more effective treatment in this project. When the plasma treated surface has beenprinted is the good quality last much longer and the adhesion between the ink and the surface isremained. To test this adhesion is for the moment a standard used (ASTM D3359). This standardhas appeared unstable and dependent at many different factors, which gives a big variation in thetest results. Because of this has new test methods been carried out to give a more even and morereliable result in the test of the adhesion.

Förstudie kring ledningssystem vid reklambyrån Confetti

The aim of the project is to develop a tool for a management system at the advertising agency ofConfetti. The company has during a longer period of time felt a need of introducing a quality and environmentalsystem but have a lack in resources of knowledge, time and money. Their goal is to have aconcrete documentation which describes their quality policy and the function of the activity.The work has been performed by mapping and analyzing the processes of the company according tothe process model with focus on one pilot process. New routines have been developed and documentedin a management system.Confetti would like their management system to fulfil the ISO-standard so that they eventually inthe future can be certified. Therefore a literature study has been done according to management systemsand standards. The project has been directed to fulfil the ISO-standards demands for a qualitymanagement system. It has resulted in the creation of a comprehensible and userfriendly managementsystem which includes a routine model and new routines for the pilot process of PDF-handling. A oneyear-plan has been created to facilitate for the continuos development of the quality management systemat Confetti. The new quality implementations demands investment, why a budget has been calculatedshowing profitability.Confetti has to continue the development of the management system very soon. They ought to createan analyzis of the companys current situation and choose the processes that they themeselves considermost important or easiest to improve. A management system will not operate by it self, it needsmaintenance and development.

Studie av web to print samt kartläggning av kunders behov för tillämpning av systemet CiPublisher

Customers put their printing suppliers to severe claims for shorter production time and faster deliveries.Printers always look for new solutions to increase the satisfaction of their customers. Oneexample of such a solution is web to print, where the customers book their printed matters atInternet.The solution involves design of printed matter by using templates that are made unique for thecustomer's printed matter. Web to print is suitable for reiterated printed matters. By using templatesthe customer doesn´t have to redo their layout for every new edition. Bromma tryck AB hasinvested the system CiPublisher, which is applied for the customer to make their printed matter atInternet.The purpose of the examination work is to investigate the needs of the customers of Brommatryck for a web to print solution and how such a system should be adapted.The result shows that the customer who is in need of a web to print solution wish such a system tobe easy managed and also usable. The customer inquiry also shows that most of the customers primarydesire for start using such a solution is that it will save time and also simplify the process formanufacturing of printing matters.

ICC-profilers funktionalitet vid byte av tryckfärgskvalitet

This degree theme work aims to evaluate the present ICC-profile and printing ink of Dalarnas Tidningar AB. The companyhas changed printing ink quality and wants to evaluate how the present ICC-profile work with the new printingink. Four different ICC-profiles were included in the comparison.One test printing was accomplished with two different separations. Two new ICC-profile was created, as a comparingmaterial. An densitometer was used to measure the technical parameters of the printing. IT8-charts and RGB-chartswas measured with spectrophotometer. La*b*-values, CMYK-values, graybalance curves, color deflections and colorgamuts was compared on screen and on the printed material.Materials from an earlier testprinting and evalution, made by Stora Enso Kvarnsveden AB 2003, was used to evaluatethe function of Dalarnas Tidningar AB´s ICC-profile with the present printing ink quality. The IT8-chart from todaystestprinting was oppened in a program for textediting to have access to La*b*- and CMYK values. The values from theearlier testprinting was supplied from Stora Enso Kvarnsveden AB.The result of this work shows that the ICC-profile from the company, compared with de other profiles, reproduce darkershadow regions which can make loss of details. An higher saturation is recieved in the red and yellow area while thegreen and blue area lose its intensity. The profile gave images which are some contrastless and with a flat reproduction.Today printing ink quality gives more saturation and intensity in the yellow and blue area compared with former printingink. The dark tone reproduces with decreased luminance, however.

Produktion av marknadsförings- och korrespondensmaterial för DUCIS

The report describes the production of graphic correspondence and marketing material for DUCIS(Dalarna University Centre for Irish Studies).A logotype symbol is created on the basis of an element from the Celtic art, and a graphic material thatharmonies with this ideal of style is built around the symbol. A unique visiting card, correspondence cardand letterhead is produced to strengthen the identity of DUCIS outwards.The work proceeds with an international education folder which is an important element in the marketingwork for the MA-education which starts in the autumn of 2003. Two posters, one for the opening ofDUCIS in may 2003 and one for a conference in 2004, are produced. Finally, a redesign of the book coverfor NIS, Nordic Irish Studies, is carried out.The report describes the working process consisting of meetings, practical work and other elementswithin the process. The conclusion is that the work has been quite successful and that this, to a largeextent, depended on an engaged and supporting commissioner. The commissioner also is very satisfi edwith the results.The in-depth studies of the project is about the art and design of the Celtic culture throughout history.The text gives an account for the history and expressions of Celtic art from its birth, 2800 years ago, untilits death in 13th century Ireland and Scotland. Special attention is payed to the golden age of ChristianCeltic art on the british islands, the era from which the pattern of the DUCIS logotype originates.

Conqueror för Indigo

Conqueror for Indigo is production treated with an active chemical to maximize the ink adhesion.ArjoWiggins has found that another chemical, the candidate compound, would improve the propertiesof the paper. ArjoWiggins therefore wish to replace the current compound. To strengthenthe patent requirements for ink adhesion needs to be determined. A theory is developed to whychemicals with certain properties maximize the ink adhesion. Experiments are performed but theresults are inaccurate. The reason for ink adhesion is still unknown.Paper treated with the candidate compound is produced in a production trial and the paper evaluated.The paper shows decreased ink adhesion compared to paper treated with current compoundbut gives higher whiteness, longer shelf life and the formulation is preferred by the milldue to health and safety reasons.