2 resultados para foreign investment

em Andina Digital - Repositorio UASB-Digital - Universidade Andina Simón Bolívar


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Los tratados bilaterales sobre promoción y protección recíproca de inversiones (TBIs) tienen dos grandes objetivos: uno concreto e inmediato, el otro vago y mediato. Primero, estos acuerdos brindan garantías al inversor extranjero respecto del tratamiento que el Estado receptor otorgará a sus proyectos. Segundo, la firma de estos tratados pretende atraer más inversión extranjera a los países signatarios. El esquema de los TBIs, por lo tanto, se sustenta en la creencia de que los flujos de capitales extranjeros son afectados por la incapacidad institucional de los potenciales estados receptores. Estos tratados servirían para remediar esta falencia. Desde una perspectiva de política económica, no obstante, los beneficios para los países receptores son motivo de grandes discusiones. El presente trabajo busca ampliar este debate, analizando en qué medida los TBIs ayudan a los estados receptores a desarrollar las instituciones adecuadas para sus democracias y sus economías de mercado.

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Ecuador’s total population numbers some 15,682,792 inhabitants, and includes 14 nationalities accounting for around 1,100,000 people, all joined together in a series of local, regional and national organisations. 60.3% of the Andean Kichwa live in six provinces in the Central-North Mountains; 24.1% live in the Amazon region and belong to ten nationalities; 7.3% live in the Southern Mountains; and the remaining 8.3% live in the Coastal region and the Galapagos Islands. 78.5% still live in rural areas and 21.5% in urban areas. The current Constitution of the Republic recognises the country as a “…constitutional state of law and social justice, democratic, sovereign, independent, unitary, intercultural, multinational and secular”. Over the last five years, the country has undergone a series of political and institutional reforms. At the same time, however, enforcing and guaranteeing the collective rights recognised in the Constitution has become a challenge to the process, and a permanent point of disagreement between the government, headed by the economist Rafael Correa, and the indigenous social organisations. The government’s economic action has been largely marked by an opening up of the extractive industries - oil, copper and gold - to foreign investment, either of Chinese or Belarussian origin, or from other Latin American countries such as Brazil, Chile or Argentina. This has resulted in risk to and impacts on the territorial and cultural integrity of various indigenous peoples, and an uncertainty created around the true validity of the broad collective rights enshrined in the Constitution.