Los cabildos antioqueños ante la crisis monárquica, 1808-1812 (Estudios)

A partir del escrutinio de fuentes primarias, la investigación analiza la forma como reaccionaron los cuatro cabildos de la provincia de Antioquia, ubicados al noroccidente de Colombia, frente a la crisis de la monarquía española de 1808. En Antioquia, un grupo de capitulares cuestionó la autoridad del gobernador Francisco de Ayala e intentó reasumir la soberanía, mediante el nombramiento autónomo de alcaldes pedáneos y de partido. Este fue el comienzo de un proceso de cambio de actitud por parte de los antioqueños, acentuado por el impacto que produjeron los movimientos autonomistas de Quito y Cartagena, y por el llamado ""Grito de Independencia"" de Santa Fe. Los cabildos antioqueños reasumieron la soberanía, formaron su propia junta de gobierno, dictaron su propia Constitución y, en 1813, conformaron un nuevo Estado que se declaró independiente de España.

State Policies, Territories and Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Ecuador (1983-2012)

This work seeks to reconstruct the dynamics of the agreements and disagreements between the State and the indigenous peoples in Ecuador, emphasising particularly on two key elements: first, the indigenous peoples participation and exercise of their political rights, in particular the right to self-government and autonomy within their jurisdictions; and secondly, indigenous peoples’ degree of direct influence on public policies’ formulation and implementation, specially those directly affecting their territories, including the exploitation of natural resources. In Ecuador, during this historical period, the state has gone through three major moments in its relationship with indigenous peoples: neo - indigenism associated to developmentalism (1980-1984); multiculturalism associated to neoliberalism (1984- 2006) as one of the dominant trends over the period; and the crisis of neoliberalism and the search for national diversity and interculturalism associated to post- neoliberalism (2007-2013). Each has had a particular connotation, as to the scope and methods to respond to indigenous demands. In this context, this research aims to answer the central question: how has the Ecuadorian State met the demands of the indigenous movement in the last three decades, and how has it ensured the validity of their gradually recognized rights? And how and to what extent by doing so, it contradicts and alters the existing economic model based on the extraction of primary resources?