Horizontes y desafíos de descolonización en Bolivia (Tema Central)

El autor realiza una aproximación al contexto de la experiencia socio-estatal y gubernamental que se está empezando a vivir en Bolivia y cuyas políticas públicas, al menos las más importantes, están comenzando a diseñarse desde la perspectiva de la des-colonialidad. Este horizonte teórico y político plantea una serie de posibilidades y también de desafíos. A la dilucidación de tales emergencias, riesgos y retos está dedicada la presente reflexión.

Ecuador

Ecuador’s total population numbers some 15,682,792 inhabitants, and includes 14 nationalities accounting for around 1,100,000 people, all joined together in a series of local, regional and national organisations. 60.3% of the Andean Kichwa live in six provinces in the Central-North Mountains; 24.1% live in the Amazon region and belong to ten nationalities; 7.3% live in the Southern Mountains; and the remaining 8.3% live in the Coastal region and the Galapagos Islands. 78.5% still live in rural areas and 21.5% in urban areas. The current Constitution of the Republic recognises the country as a “…constitutional state of law and social justice, democratic, sovereign, independent, unitary, intercultural, multinational and secular”. Over the last five years, the country has undergone a series of political and institutional reforms. At the same time, however, enforcing and guaranteeing the collective rights recognised in the Constitution has become a challenge to the process, and a permanent point of disagreement between the government, headed by the economist Rafael Correa, and the indigenous social organisations. The government’s economic action has been largely marked by an opening up of the extractive industries - oil, copper and gold - to foreign investment, either of Chinese or Belarussian origin, or from other Latin American countries such as Brazil, Chile or Argentina. This has resulted in risk to and impacts on the territorial and cultural integrity of various indigenous peoples, and an uncertainty created around the true validity of the broad collective rights enshrined in the Constitution.

El surgimiento de una nueva diplomacia regional en salud en tiempos posteriores al neoliberalismo: el caso de UNASUR Salud (Otros Temas)

Since the creation of Union of South American Nations (UNASUR), health policies have become a strategic element in dealing with the impact of neoliberal policies in the region. The aim of this paper is: first, to describe the social, political and economic processes that explain the emergence of UNASUR and its focus on social policy through health care, and second, how through UNASUR Health, health became the engine behind a new kind of health diplomacy. This article hopes to contribute to the debate on the new forms of health diplomacy and the role of regional organizations concentrating on health policies as a centrepiece of their regional integration efforts and the reduction of social inequalities.