State Policies, Territories and Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Ecuador (1983-2012)

This work seeks to reconstruct the dynamics of the agreements and disagreements between the State and the indigenous peoples in Ecuador, emphasising particularly on two key elements: first, the indigenous peoples participation and exercise of their political rights, in particular the right to self-government and autonomy within their jurisdictions; and secondly, indigenous peoples’ degree of direct influence on public policies’ formulation and implementation, specially those directly affecting their territories, including the exploitation of natural resources. In Ecuador, during this historical period, the state has gone through three major moments in its relationship with indigenous peoples: neo - indigenism associated to developmentalism (1980-1984); multiculturalism associated to neoliberalism (1984- 2006) as one of the dominant trends over the period; and the crisis of neoliberalism and the search for national diversity and interculturalism associated to post- neoliberalism (2007-2013). Each has had a particular connotation, as to the scope and methods to respond to indigenous demands. In this context, this research aims to answer the central question: how has the Ecuadorian State met the demands of the indigenous movement in the last three decades, and how has it ensured the validity of their gradually recognized rights? And how and to what extent by doing so, it contradicts and alters the existing economic model based on the extraction of primary resources?

Denominaciones territoriales agroalimentarias, políticas y gestión social: Argentina, Brasil y la experiencia española en el contexto europeo

This article examines the conceptual framework and the institutional context of the Geographical Indications and Social Management in Spain on the European Union space. Then, providing a comparative study, Argentina’s and Brazil’s cases are analyzed. The emphasis is on identity and territorial development, where family farming has a central role. Thereafter, public policy drawings and implementation are projected in order to strength concrete agenda and measures elaboration based on Spanish and European experiences’. In both the Argentinean and Brazilian cases, the conclusions point to the need of an adjustment on public policies to better situate and implement actions and objectives. In Brazil the disclosure, financing and strengthening of the Geographical Indications should be bounded to the Programa Territórios da Cidadania, linked to the Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário, which is the place of the family farming strengthening policies. In Argentina, with the same logic, the actions should be situated on the Programa Nacional de Apoyo al Desarrollo de los Territórios.