Collaboration between infection control and occupational health in three continents: a success story with international impact

Globalization has been accompanied by the rapid spread of infectious diseases, and further strain on working conditions for health workers globally. Post-SARS, Canadian occupational health and infection control researchers got together to study how to better protect health workers, and found that training was indeed perceived as key to a positive safety culture. This led to developing information and communication technology (ICT) tools. The research conducted also showed the need for better workplace inspections, so a workplace audit tool was also developed to supplement worker questionnaires and the ICT. When invited to join Ecuadorean colleagues to promote occupational health and infection control, these tools were collectively adapted and improved, including face-to-face as well as on-line problem-based learning scenarios. The South African government then invited the team to work with local colleagues to improve occupational health and infection control, resulting in an improved web-based health information system to track incidents, exposures, and occupational injury and diseases. As the H1N1 pandemic struck, the online infection control course was adapted and translated into Spanish, as was a novel skill-building learning tool that permits health workers to practice selecting personal protective equipment. This tool was originally developed in collaboration with the countries from the Caribbean region and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). Research from these experiences led to strengthened focus on building capacity of health and safety committees, and new modules are thus being created, informed by that work. The products developed have been widely heralded as innovative and interactive, leading to their inclusion into “toolkits” used internationally. The tools used in Canada were substantially improved from the collaborative adaptation process for South and Central America and South Africa. This international collaboration between occupational health and infection control researchers led to the improvement of the research framework and development of tools, guidelines and information systems. Furthermore, the research and knowledge-transfer experience highlighted the value of partnership amongst Northern and Southern researchers in terms of sharing resources, experiences and knowledge.

Del derecho penal mínimo al derecho penal estratégico una propuesta político, criminal desde el Ecuador

El presente estudio tienen por objeto responder a dos interrogantes: ¿el minimalismo es aplicable a la realidad ecuatoriana? y de haber un problema de incompatibilidad ¿existe un marco conceptual alternativo que permita gestionar la conflictividad criminal de manera efectiva? La importancia de la primera pregunta radica en que esta postura político criminal es la que se ha impuesto dentro del Derecho comparado y en el caso de nuestro país es la postura aceptada en la Constitución, por tanto si la respuesta es negativa, implica que el Ecuador se ha quedado sin un norte para gestionar su criminalidad. La segunda pregunta, conlleva la posibilidad de forjar un esquema conceptual alternativo que permita superar el inmovilismo y populismo en que ha caído la política criminal en las últimas décadas. Su estructura consta de tres libros: Libro I “El Derecho penal mínimo: análisis conceptual”, se enfoca en fijar los ejes conceptuales del minimalismo. El segundo libro “La aplicabilidad del derecho penal mínimo en el Ecuador”, aborda la primera pregunta planteada. Mediante un conjunto de reformas legislativas que han puesto a prueba la capacidad de los gobernantes de disminuir el ámbito de protección penal, revela que en el caso de las normas estructurales para el funcionamiento de la sociedad ecuatoriana los intentos han fracasado de manera sucesiva. El tercer libro “El derecho penal estratégico: una propuesta político criminal desde el Ecuador” aborda la segunda pregunta; sobre la base de una sucesión de rupturas conceptuales se diseña una propuesta político criminal alternativa. El estudio mantiene un profundo vínculo con la realidad tanto en el diagnóstico como en la propuesta político criminal. Constituye una apuesta por construir un marco conceptual basado en experiencias de las dos últimas décadas de nuestro país, para abordar el problema que hoy más preocupa a nuestra sociedad: la criminalidad.

Integrating participatory community mobilization processes to improve dengue prevention: an eco-bio-social scaling up of local success in Machala, Ecuador

This project investigates the effectiveness and feasibility of scaling-up an eco-bio-social approach for implementing an integrated community-based approach for dengue prevention in comparison with existing insecticide-based and emerging biolarvicide-based programs in an endemic setting in Machala, Ecuador.