El fraude en la póliza de seguros de vida y la cobertura de muerte accidental en el Ecuador

El Contrato de Seguro siendo una relación de dos personas en la que prevalece la buena fe de las partes por excepción una de ellas y por lo general la contratante altera la realidad del hecho fáctico con el objeto de que opere a su favor los beneficios a titulo de indemnizaciones. La historia de este contrato se ha visto empañada por sutilezas hasta grotescas falsificaciones de documentos de salud para lograr sus indemnizaciones. Este trabajo analiza a plenitud estas subjetividades que por ser dolosas inciden en el campo penal; en consecuencia los cuatro capítulos que conlleva esta tesis están orientados a analizar en derecho como recoge nuestra legislación positiva estos dolos, para finalizar analizando un caso concreto en el que convergen todas las artimañas de que se vale el contratado-beneficiario, para lograr el fin indemnizatorio en detrimento de los intereses y buena fe de la aseguradora. En el caso fáctico observamos que si existe vacío de ley en materia de seguros, concluimos que la agudeza de la parte contratante-beneficiario ha detectado este vacío y utilizando últimas técnicas obituarias destruyen la evidencia, dejando a la interpretación mas o menos legal las evidencias recabadas oportunamente por una parte procesal frente a la decidía total y absoluta de la otra.

Chronic pesticide poisoning from persistent low-dose exposures in Ecuadorean floriculture workers: toward validating a low-cost test battery

Chronic pesticide poisoning is difficult to detect. We sought to develop a low-cost test battery for settings such as Ecuador’s floriculture industry. First we had to develop a case definition; as with all occupational diseases a case had to have both sufficient effective dose and associated health effects. For the former, using canonical discriminant analysis, we found that adding measures of protection and overall environmental stressors to occupational category and duration of exposure was useful. For the latter, factor analysis suggested three distinct manifestations of pesticide poisoning. We then determined sensitivity and specificity of various combinations of symptoms and simple neurotoxicity tests from the Pentox questionnaire, and found that doing so increased sensitivity and specificity compared to use of acethylcholinesterase alone – the current screening standard. While sensitivity and specificity varied with different case definitions, our results support the development of a low-cost test battery for screening in such settings.

Establishing a community of practice of researchers, practitioners, policy-makers and communities to sustainably manage environmental health risks in Ecuador

The Sustainably Managing Environmental Health Risk in Ecuador project was launched in 2004 as a partnership linking a large Canadian university with leading Cuban and Mexican institutes to strengthen the capacities of four Ecuadorian universities for leading community-based learning and research in areas as diverse as pesticide poisoning, dengue control, water and sanitation, and disaster preparedness. By 2009, train-the-trainer project initiation involved 27 participatory action research Master’s theses in 15 communities where 1200 community learners participated in the implementation of associated interventions. This led to establishment of innovative Ecuadorian-led master’s and doctoral programs, and a Population Health Observatory on Collective Health, Environment and Society for the Andean region based at the Universidad Andina Simon Bolivar. Building on this network, numerous initiatives were begun, such as an internationally funded research project to strengthen dengue control in the coastal community of Machala, and establishment of a local community eco-health centre focusing on determinants of health near Cuenca. Alliances of academic and non-academic partners from the South and North provide a promising orientation for learning together about ways of addressing negative trends of development. Assessing the impacts and sustainability of such processes, however, requires longer term monitoring of results and related challenges.