Plan exportador PAYUPA : internacionalización de una PYME

En la medida en que el mercado se ha hecho global, las empresas colombianas deben encaminar sus estrategias hacia conquistar nuevos nichos y segmentos no explotados, desarrollar técnicamente un plan exportador le permite a las organizaciones interesadas en este caso PAYUPA minimizar riesgos en tanto que le permita conocer de manera anticipada las condiciones de los mercados objetivo. Las empresas colombianas están conscientes de la importancia de un proceso de internacionalización pero no están seguras de cómo llevarlo a cabo por falta de información. Es por esta razón que en los últimos años se han creado espacios donde las PYMES encuentran apoyo. Con el desarrollo de este trabajo de grado nos proponemos demostrar que el plan exportador es una herramienta esencial para apalancar mercados claramente identificados. Con nuestra propuesta, demostraremos conocer el comportamiento exportador de las empresas y las variables determinantes a la hora de exportar; así pues enfocaremos nuestros esfuerzos en la identificación de las necesidades para satisfacer mercados internacionales por parte de las PYMES.

Historical perspective of the Psychology of motivation

The psychology of motivation has a long tradition and history in psychology. In fact, we consider that, to a certain extent, understanding the history of the psychology of motivation is understanding great part of which has been psychology itself, since the main target of psychology was, and is, to try to explain behaviour, and the aim of psychology of motivation is to find out the causes of behaviour. In its long passage to the present time, there have been three perspectives that have monopolized most of the investigation: the biological, the behavioural and the cognitive. They are not excluding. Each one of them has been predominant in certain stages, although the same attention was paid to the other two. Nowadays, the biological and cognitive perspectives are those that receive greater attention from the investigators. The historical direction in the study of the psychology of motivation represents an important solution to know how the events that have given rise to the present consideration about the psychology of motivation were forged. To know the past helps us to understand the present, at the same time it allows us to hypothesise with great probability of success which will be the future in the study object.

Dynamic programming for stochastic target problems, Viscosity solutions and hedging in markets with Portfolio constraints and large investors

The purpose of this expository arti le is to present a self- ontained overview of some results on the hara terization of the optimal value fun tion of a sto hasti target problem as (dis ontinuous) vis osity solution of a ertain dynami programming PDE and its appli ation to the problem of hedging ontingent laims in the presen e of portfolio onstraints and large investors