La educación secundaria y sus dos dimensiones, efectos del barrio y del colegio sobre los resultados saber 11.

Resumen: Este trabajo estudia los resultados en matemáticas y lenguaje de 32000 estudiantes en la prueba saber 11 del 2008, de la ciudad de Bogotá. Este análisis reconoce que los individuos se encuentran contenidos en barrios y colegios, pero no todos los individuos del mismo barrio asisten a la misma escuela y viceversa. Con el fin de modelar esta estructura de datos se utilizan varios modelos econométricos, incluyendo una regresión jerárquica multinivel de efectos cruzados. Nuestro objetivo central es identificar en qué medida y que condiciones del barrio y del colegio se correlacionan con los resultados educacionales de la población objetivo y cuáles características de los barrios y de los colegios están más asociadas al resultado en las pruebas. Usamos datos de la prueba saber 11, del censo de colegios c600, del censo poblacional del 2005 y de la policía metropolitana de Bogotá. Nuestras estimaciones muestran que tanto el barrio como el colegio están correlacionados con los resultados en las pruebas; pero el efecto del colegio parece ser mucho más fuerte que el del barrio. Las características del colegio que están más asociadas con el resultado en las pruebas son la educación de los profesores, la jornada, el valor de la pensión, y el contexto socio económico del colegio. Las características de los barrios más asociadas con el resultado en las pruebas son, la presencia de universitarios en la UPZ, un clúster de altos niveles de educación y nivel de crimen en el barrio que se correlaciona negativamente. Los resultados anteriores fueron hallados teniendo en cuenta controles familiares y personales.

Utilidad del uso del genograma en la configuración de un nuevo mapa de relaciones a partir del cuidado y relanzamiento del vínculo conyugal al parental en una mediación de una pareja en proceso de separación

Este estudio se basa en una mediación familiar adelantada con una pareja en proceso de separación conyugal; la mediación es descrita con el propósito de ilustrar la aplicación operativa del marco teórico y la metodología propuesta por el Modelo Relacional Simbólico, haciendo especial referencia al genograma, instrumento que ofrece la posibilidad de acceder a la dimensión simbólica y plurigeracional de la relación, de una manera en que la pareja descubre, ratifica y potencializa recursos, y proyecta el paso de una condición relacional a otra, facilitando la reconfiguración y reorganización de los vínculos familiares.

16/6-idiotype expressing antibodies induce brain inflammation and cognitive impairment in mice: the mosaic of central nervous system involvement in lupus

Background: The 16/6-idiotype (16/6-Id) of the human anti-DNA antibody was found to induce experimental lupus in naive mice, manifested by production of autoantibodies, leukopenia and elevated inflammatory markers, as well as kidney and brain involvement. We assessed behavior and brain pathology of naive mice injected intracerebra-ventricularly (ICV) with the 16/6-Id antibody. Methods: C3H female mice were injected ICV to the right hemisphere with the human 16/6-Id antibody or commercial human IgG antibodies (control). The mice were tested for depression by the forced swimming test (FST), locomotor and explorative activity by the staircase test, and cognitive functions were examined by the novel object recognition and Y-maze tests. Brain slices were stained for inflammatory processes. Results: 16/6-Id injected mice were cognitively impaired as shown by significant differences in the preference for a new object in the novel object recognition test compared to controls (P = 0.012). Similarly, the preference for spatial novelty in the Y-maze test was significantly higher in the control group compared to the 16/6-Id-injected mice (42% vs. 9%, respectively, P = 0.065). Depression-like behavior and locomotor activity were not significantly different between the16/6-Id-injected and the control mice. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed an increase in astrocytes and microglial activation in the hippocampus and amygdala, in the 16/6-Id injected group compared to the control. Conclusions: Passive transfer of 16/6-Id antibodies directly into mice brain resulted in cognitive impairments and histological evidence for brain inflammation. These findings shed additional light on the diverse mosaic pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric lupus.

The influence of culture on parental styles in social vulnerability contexts

The objectives of this study are: (a) to analyze if the relationship between parenting dimensions and children adjustment regarding coping strategies are similar in Argentinian and Spanish samples within poverty contexts; (b) to compare parental dimensions in the two groups studied, and (c) to determine the efficiency of parenting through the study of their influence in children coping strategies. The Graffar-Méndez Castellano Scale (Méndez-Castellano & Méndez, 1994), that brings a socioeconomic description of the population; an Argentinian Scale of Children Perception of Parental Relationships for 8 to 12 years of age (Richaud, 2007a), and the Argentine Questionnaire of Coping for children (Richaud, 2006) were administered to a sample of 458 Spanish and Argentinian children from 8 to 12 years old. Correlations were carried out to analyze the relationships between parenting dimensions and children coping strategies in both groups, and MANOVA, to study if there were different parental dimensions in the two groups —Argentina and Spain—, and to analyze if there were differences in children coping strategies. The results indicate that correlational pattern is similar in both groups, but parental dimensions are different for each culture, being the Argentinian parents more neglectful than Spanish parents. At the same time, Argentinian children adopt coping strategies less efficient that the Spanish children ones, involving in that way a greater emotional conflict.

Relationship among children’s perception of parental relationship and parental empathy and prosocial behaviour during childhood

The objective of this work is to study if children’s perception of parental relationship and parental empathy can predict prosocial behaviour during childhood. The sample was composed of 934 Argentine children, aged 9 to 12, of middle socio-economical level. The participants completed Argentine scale of Children Perception of Parental relationship (richaud de Minzi, 2007), an Argentine adaptation of scale of Prosocial Behaviour (Caprara and Pastorelli, 1993) and a questionnaire to measure children’s perception of parental empathy (richaud de Minzi, 2006). structural equations modelling (sEM) analyses were conducted to explore our hypotheses. Six theoretical models fit the data very well. The results showed that parental styles of acceptance and pathological control impact on children prosocial behavior. Children’s perception of parental empathy was positively associated with children prosocial behavior. Finally, parental acceptance and pathological control were associated with children’s perception of parental empathy, but negligent parental behaviour did not.  

Involvement in environmental causes, does the joint effect between subjective income and the performance of the country matter?

Previous research has shown that richer people are more likely to engage in an environmentalcause. We extend it by considering the joint effect between subjective income and a set of macroeconomicvariables. For doing so, we employ the fifth wave of the World Values Survey (WVS).This study provides clear evidence that even when both factors matter, people´s attitudes cruciallydepend on the interaction effect. Hence, those measures that affect the characteristics of thecountry would also change the disposition to be involved.