Prevalencia del deterioro cognitivo leve en pacientes adultos mayores con y sin hipertensión arterial

Study of cross section in 280 patients who attended the Internal Medicine consultation with ages between 60 and 85 years. The cognitive impairment was evaluated with the Neuropsi test developed in Mexico and validated for the Hispanic speaking population.(5) Once performed the data collection was made the statistical handling which included for the qualitative variables absolute and relative frequencies distribution in percentage; for the quantitative variables were made measures of central tendency as the average and the median and of dispersion the range and the standard deviation. Besides, for the association evaluation between the different factors of risk and cognitive impairment were used tests like the T of Student, the Pearson Chi-square or the Fisher’s exact test.(expected value <5)

Human papillomavirus detection from human immunodeficiency virus-infected colombian women's paired urine and cervical samples

Infection, coinfection and type-specific human papillomavirus (HPV) distribution was evaluated in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women from paired cervical and urine samples. Paired cervical and urine samples (n = 204) were taken from HIV-positive women for identifying HPV-DNA presence by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with three generic primer sets (GP5+/6+, MY09/11 and pU1M/2R). HPV-positive samples were typed for six high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) (HPV-16, -18, -31, -33, -45 and -58) and two low-risk (LR-HPV) (HPV-6/11) types. Agreement between paired sample results and diagnostic performance was evaluated. HPV infection prevalence was 70.6% in cervical and 63.2% in urine samples. HPV-16 was the most prevalent HPV type in both types of sample (66.7% in cervical samples and 62.0% in urine) followed by HPV-31(47.2%) in cervical samples and HPV-58 (35.7%) in urine samples. There was 55.4% coinfection (infection by more than one type of HPV) in cervical samples and 40.2% in urine samples. Abnormal Papanicolau smears were observed in 25.3% of the women, presenting significant association with HPV-DNA being identified in urine samples. There was poor agreement of cervical and urine sample results in generic and type-specific detection of HPV. Urine samples provided the best diagnosis when taking cytological findings as reference. In conclusion including urine samples could be a good strategy for ensuring adherence to screening programs aimed at reducing the impact of cervical cancer, since this sample is easy to obtain and showed good diagnostic performance.

Primary Prevention and Screening Strategies for Colorectal Cancer: Which Strategy Should Take?

Objective: To explore and define the utility of different strategies for primary prevention (ASA, diet, physical activity) and strategies of screening test (FOBT, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, etc.) for colorectal cancer. Data source: Databases consulted were MEDLINE (1966 to 2006), DARE (1980 to 2006), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Collaboration’s Registry of Clinical Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and LILACS. Study selection: Studies such clinical trial, cohort and case-control studies of the effectiveness of tests for screening and primary prevention adenoma and colorectal cancer were identified by two reviewers. Data Extraction: The extraction of data and its evaluation is done in most of the process so paired. Limitations: Not strictly complies with the methodology of a systematic review and therefore reproducibility is questionable, the conclusions of this study should be extrapolated with caution. Conclusions: The major strategy of screening on the effectiveness of early detection of premalignant lesions or cancer is colonoscopy every 5 years, however it is necessary to evaluate this measure cost-effectiveness studies. For primary prevention, aspirin and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors reduce the incidence of colorectal adenomas. Aspirin can reduce colorectal cancer incidence. However, these medications may be associated with a significant risk of cardiovascular events and gastrointestinal bleeding. The balance between risks and benefits must be evaluated in future studies.

Tests de la forma funcional, el efecto sustitución y el efecto riqueza en la función de demanda de dinero de México.

Las demandas M1, M2 y M3 en México están negativamente influidas por el producto y el precio de las acciones, y están asociadas negativamente con la tasa de ahorro, la tasa de interés estadounidense y la tasa de inflación esperada. Por su parte, la depreciación del peso afecta negativamente la demanda M1 y positivamente a las demandas M2 y M3. La forma log-lineal no puede ser rechazada para la demanda M1 y puede ser rechazada para las demandas M2 y M3, mientras que la forma lineal puede ser rechazada para las demandas M1, M2, y M3. La prueba CUSUMSQ muestra que las demandas M1, M2 y M3 son estables, mientras que la prueba CUSUM indica estabilidad en las demandas M1 y M3 e inestabilidad en la demanda M2.