How can be strategically improved the international attractivity of the touristic sector in Colombia?

Durante el desarrollo de este trabajo de grado, se describe la posibilidad de incrementar estratégicamente el potencial de atraer visitantes extranjeros al país. Colombia es un lugar lleno de biodiversidad, cultura y belleza; pero algunas circunstancias como la guerra, la mala imagen a nivel internacional y la pobre infraestructura turística, han detenido el crecimiento de los indicadores turísticos. La implementación de diferentes estrategias distintivas para posicionar la industria turística y para lograr el mejoramiento continuo, como la definición de planes de contingencia para luchar en contra de la violencia y la inseguridad, el mejoramiento de las condiciones de infraestructura, la mejor capacitación y entrenamiento de todas las personas relacionadas con este segmento de mercado y también los esfuerzos por difundir en mayor proporción información clara y eficiente sobre Colombia; son algunos de los principales objetivos que deben ser alcanzados para incrementar el nivel de atractividad del sector para visitantes internacionales, y también, estas estrategias contribuirán al mejoramiento de los indicadores de desempeño del sector y del país en general.

Translation of the Decision of the International Court of Justice related to the Case concerning the dispute regarding navigational and related rights (Costa Rica v. Nicaragua) Judgment

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The parallel diplomacy and the International Relations of the regions

The inclusion of subnational entities in international politics, breaks with the exclusive privilege of handling external relations by the States. Regions and municipalities have developed international policies that strengthen local affairs in cultural, economic, politic, security and strategic cooperation aspects, through the so-called parallel diplomacy activities. The influence of regional institutions in global affairs is growing; however paradiplomacy practice is not institutionalized and received little attention in international relation studies.

Urban epidemiology of labor informality in Bogotá: A neighborhood interactions approach

Usando datos georreferenciados sobre mercado laboral para la ciudad de Bogotá, se desarrolla una estrategia empírica para identificar el efecto de la tasa de informalidad en el vecindario sobre la probabilidad individual de conseguir un trabajo informal. Se encuentra evidencia de la existencia de tales efectos del vecindario. Estos efectos funcionan de forma distinta para informalidad de trabajadores asalariados o independientes.

Parametric pension reform and the intensive margin of labor supply, evidence from Colombia

We analyze the effect of a parametric reform of the fully-funded pension regime in Colombia on the intensive margin of the labor supply. We take advantage of a threshold defined by law in order to identify the causal effect using a regression discontinuity design. We find that a pension system that increases retirement age and the minimum weeks during which workers must contribute to claim pension benefits causes an increase of around 2 hours on the number of weekly worked hours; this corresponds to 4% of the average number of weekly worked hours or around 14% of a standard deviation of weekly worked hours. The effect is robust to different specifications, polynomial orders and sample sizes.

International propagation of shocks: an evaluation of contagion effects for some Latin American countries

In this paper we analyze the spread of shocks across assets markets in eight Latin American countries. First, we measure the extent of markets reactions with the Principal Components Analysis. And second, we investigate the volatility of assets markets based in ARCH-GARCH models in function of the principal components retained in the first stage. Our results do not support the existence of financial contagion, but of interdependence in most of the cases and a slight increase in the sensibility of markets to recent shocks.