Students’ movement and participation in Latin-American psychology: historical and future perspectives

The historiographical paper presented is about the students’ activism and participation in the Latin American psychology. This aims are: 1) to provide a brief historic overview of the Latin American psychology; 2) to review on the students’ participation in the Latin American psychology; 3) to raise students’ future perspectives for the Latin American psychology. It is recognized that there is an extensive past of Latin American psychology and an emerging historiographical work that re fl ects that past.However, there are several historiographical gaps not covered yet by the investigations in the region. In this context, this paper wants to contribute to the study of the students’ activism and participation in the Latin American psychology construction. The historical perspective is supported by the renewed historiographical conception called instant history” which focuses on ancient and recent history at the same time. Indirect sources were used: articles, monographs and compiled editions.

Structural Crystallography Development in the 20th Century. Impact in the Biomedical Sciences and Perspectives in this Field

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Análisis del papel político de Egipto en el conflicto Israel Palestina: Durante el período 2003 2008

El conflicto entre Israel y Palestina es uno de lo más prolongados y relevantes para la configuración de la región de Medio Oriente, a razón de su componente religioso, social, político e influencia a nivel internacional. Es por esto que es pertinente analizarlo desde diferentes perspectivas, en este caso desde el papel que desempeña un tercer Estado como Egipto, que a razón de su cercanía geográfica al compartir fronteras, a los intereses políticos y a la estrecha relación que la dinámica histórica y geopolítica genera, ha sido uno de los participantes más activos y constantes en este conflicto. El rol que Egipto ha desempeñado ha variado con el tiempo, pasando de ser un actor incitador del conflicto a convertirse en mediador del mismo. La descripción y análisis de los factores que influyen en la transformación egipcia, permiten al lector comprender como a pesar de su contexto socio político interno, Egipto poco a poco ha optado por llevar acabo estrategias mucho más moderadas frente al conflicto.

Self-organized sociopolitical interactions as the best way to achieve organized patterns in human social systems: going beyond the top-down control of classical political regimes

La monografía presenta la auto-organización sociopolítica como la mejor manera de lograr patrones organizados en los sistemas sociales humanos, dada su naturaleza compleja y la imposibilidad de las tareas computacionales de los regímenes políticos clásico, debido a que operan con control jerárquico, el cual ha demostrado no ser óptimo en la producción de orden en los sistemas sociales humanos. En la monografía se extrapola la teoría de la auto-organización en los sistemas biológicos a las dinámicas sociopolíticas humanas, buscando maneras óptimas de organizarlas, y se afirma que redes complejas anárquicas son la estructura emergente de la auto-organización sociopolítica.

Art and human nature

This article presents a visual artist’s point of view about art. This view confronts the Eurocentric traditional cannon with some ignored, but valuable traditions, thus proposing a contra-canon. These ideas are examined on the light of a variety of sources, including prehistoric, pre-Columbian, and 20th century art expressions, in a variety of media, from sculpture to literature. Recent art expressions are characterized by their incorporation of minority values and perspectives that challenge “universal” views. Using samples of works from Latino and African American artists, the author shows that, even today, art is a means to know the world and its people, to exhibit personal life, to create personal symbolism, and to show one’s identity or the search for it. Like the human nature it represents, art has multiple faces.

La salud y la promoción de la salud: una aproximación a su desarrollo histórico y social

Dado que el concepto de salud-enfermedad puede ser abordado desde diversas perspectivas teóricas, en este apartado se presentan de manera sucinta los principales enfoques que se han desarrollado en torno a éste, con la intención de identificar sus alcances. Se busca evidenciar las perspectivas conceptuales de la salud y la promoción de la salud, como un hecho histórico circunscrito y afectado por una realidad social, y en esa medida constructoras no sólo de un saber, sino también de una práctica institucional, que determina los diferentes movimientos desde los cuales las comunidades se dirigen hacia modos de entender y manejar su salud, lo cual no quiere decir que los individuos y colectivos, como seres históricos y activos, no ejerzan de manera autónoma sus propias convicciones y decisiones frente al curso de su vida.

How can strategic philanthropy contribute to innovation for companies

This investigation proposes to explore the existing link between a strategic conception of philanthropy and innovation. Indeed, the nature of the research question relies on an unexplored field in the CSR and Innovation management academic literature. It starts with the interest to know which the benefits are for a firm encouraged to invest strategically in philanthropy. In this regard, the analysis contributes in fitting this gap by following different objectives in an exploratory perspective. Throughout the research it will be analyzed the concept and the current and past contributions on the different branches of innovation (product innovation, managerial innovation, technological innovation), to accentuate the relation between an accurate strategic approach to philanthropy and the impact on the organizational value. Indeed, analyzing philanthropic innovation may provide insights about business opportunities and notions related to social investments and profit. That aspect includes the link between those strategic decisions that a firm can use to maximize those investments as it was part of their core business. It also proves the existing link between CSR and innovation, and the possibilities that the enterprises have towards this subject.

Combatant recruitment and the outcome of war

Why do some civil wars terminate soon, with victory of one party over the other? What determines if the winner is the incumbent or the rebel group? Why do other conáicts last longer? We propose a simple model in which the power of each armed group depends on the number of combatants it is able to recruit. This is in turn a function of the relative ëdistanceíbetween group leaderships and potential recruits. We emphasize the moral hazard problem of recruitment: Öghting is costly and risky so combatants have the incentive to defect from their task. They can also desert altogether and join the enemy. This incentive is stronger the farther away the Öghter is from the principal, since monitoring becomes increasingly costly. Bigger armies have more power but less monitoring capacity to prevent defection and desertion. This general framework allows a variety of interpretations of what type of proximity matters for building strong cohesive armies ranging from ethnic distance to geographic dispersion. Di§erent assumptions about the distribution of potential Öghters along the relevant dimension of conáict lead to di§erent equilibria. We characterize these, discuss the implied outcome in terms of who wins the war, and illustrate with historical and contemporaneous case studies.