3 resultados para glomerular heterogeneity
em Universidad del Rosario, Colombia
Vignettes and self-reported work disability in the United States: Correction of report heterogeneity
Resumo:
Subjective measures of health tend to suffer from bias given by reporting heterogeneity. however, some methodologies are used to correct the bias in order to compare self-assessed health for respondents with different sociodemographic characteristics. One of the methods to correct this is the hierarchical ordered probit (hopit), which includes rates of vignettes -hypothetical individuals with a fixed health state- and where two assumptions have to be fulfilled, vignette equivalence and response consistency. this methodology is used for the self-reported work disability for a sample of the united states for 2011. The results show that even though sociodemographic variables influence rating scales, adjusting for this does not change their effect on work disability, which is only influenced by income. the inclusion of variables related with ethnicity or place of birth does not influence the true work disability. however, when only one of them is excluded, it becomes significant and affects the true level of work disability as well as income.
Resumo:
We offer a new explanation of partial risk sharing based on coalition formation and segmentation of society in a risky environment, without assuming limited commitment and imperfect information. Heterogenous individuals in a society freely choose with whom they will share risk. A partition belonging to the core of the membership game obtains. Perfect risk sharing does not necessarily arise. Focusing on mutual insurance rule and assuming that individuals only differ with respect to risk, we show that the core partition is homophily-based. The distribution of risk affects the number and size of these coalitions. Individuals may pay a lower risk premium in riskier societies. A higher heterogeneity in risk leads to a lower degree of risk sharing. We discuss how the endogenous partition of society into risk-sharing coalitions may shed light on empirical evidence on partial risk sharing. The case of heterogenous risk aversion leads to similar results.
Resumo:
Introducción: El tacrolimus es el medicamento de elección para evitar el rechazo al injerto hepático. Su dosis se ajusta a partir de los niveles séricos que se toman periódicamente para asegurar rango terapéutico. Además, niveles elevados se asocian con disfunción renal postrasplante. Sin embargo, no hay consenso frente a los niveles adecuados para pacientes con trasplante hepático. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre los niveles de tacrolimus y la presencia de rechazo agudo al injerto hepático en pacientes con trasplante hepático realizado en la Fundación Cardioinfantil – Instituto de Cardiología (FCI-IC). Determinar la relación entre los niveles de tacrolimus y la TFG en pacientes con trasplante hepático realizado en la FCI-IC. Métodos: Estudio observacional tipo cohorte histórica en pacientes adultos con trasplante hepático realizado en la FCI-IC entre 2009-2014. Resultados: No se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre los niveles de tacrolimus y la presencia de rechazo agudo, en sus diferentes definiciones (OR=1,02, p=0,14 y OR=1,01, p=0,29) incluso al ajustar por otras covariables (OR=1,03, p=0,10 y OR=1,02, p=0,25). No fue posible corroborar el diagnóstico con biopsia porque no todos la tenían. Si bien la relación entre los niveles de tacrolimus y la TFG fue estadísticamente significativa (p≤0,001), tiene bajo impacto clínico, pues la TFG disminuyó menos de un punto por cada incremento en 1 ng/ml en los niveles de tacrolimus. Conclusiones: Se necesitan más estudios para establecer la relación entre la exposición a tacrolimus y estos desenlaces para definir si es seguro disminuir su dosis con el fin de reducir los eventos adversos.