Propuesta de computación en la nube para los libreros del sector de San Victorino en Bogotá para el año 2012 estudio de caso

El trabajo de grado titulado “Propuesta de Computación en la Nube para los Libreros del Sector de San Victorino en Bogotá para el Año 2012. Estudio de Caso”, tiene como objetivo elaborar una propuesta de computación en la nube que sea aplicable a uno de los sectores más dinámicos del centro de Bogotá como es el de los libreros de San Victorino; Este trabajo busca la apropiación de las herramientas que proporcionan las nuevas tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones en la disciplina de la administración de empresas, como un nuevo escenario de competitividad ajustado a las nuevas condiciones de las organizaciones. La computación en la nube como nueva herramienta tecnológica, permite que diversos usuarios - empresas accedan a la información consolidada, la cual puede ser aportada por ellos mismos, para brindar a los clientes un servicio más eficiente y eficaz, con bajos costos y generando innumerables ventajas que aportan a la competitividad de cada una de las unidades de negocio, las cuales se consolidan como una única organización o clúster. En este sentido se determinó, cómo el sector de San Victorino, en particular el de los libreros, comparten una serie de características y metas similares, que permiten su implantación con los beneficios que se señalan en este trabajo de grado, permitiendo el acceso a información general de productos editoriales e inventarios y la ubicación exacta del librero que lo posee.

Plasmodium vivax lineages: geographical distribution, tandem repeat polymorphism, and phylogenetic relationship

Background: Multi-drug resistance and severe/ complicated cases are the emerging phenotypes of vivax malaria, which may deteriorate current anti-malarial control measures. The emergence of these phenotypes could be associated with either of the two Plasmodium vivax lineages. The two lineages had been categorized as Old World and New World, based on geographical sub-division and genetic and phenotypical markers. This study revisited the lineage hypothesis of P. vivax by typing the distribution of lineages among global isolates and evaluated their genetic relatedness using a panel of new mini-satellite markers. Methods: 18S SSU rRNA S-type gene was amplified from 420 Plasmodium vivax field isolates collected from different geographical regions of India, Thailand and Colombia as well as four strains each of P. vivax originating from Nicaragua, Panama, Thailand (Pak Chang), and Vietnam (ONG). A mini-satellite marker panel was then developed to understand the population genetic parameters and tested on a sample subset of both lineages. Results: 18S SSU rRNA S-type gene typing revealed the distribution of both lineages (Old World and New World) in all geographical regions. However, distribution of Plasmodium vivax lineages was highly variable in every geographical region. The lack of geographical sub-division between lineages suggests that both lineages are globally distributed. Ten mini-satellites were scanned from the P. vivax genome sequence; these tandem repeats were located in eight of the chromosomes. Mini-satellites revealed substantial allelic diversity (7-21, AE = 14.6 +/- 2.0) and heterozygosity (He = 0.697-0.924, AE = 0.857 +/- 0.033) per locus. Mini-satellite comparison between the two lineages revealed high but similar pattern of genetic diversity, allele frequency, and high degree of allele sharing. A Neighbour-Joining phylogenetic tree derived from genetic distance data obtained from ten mini-satellites also placed both lineages together in every cluster. Conclusions: The global lineage distribution, lack of genetic distance, similar pattern of genetic diversity, and allele sharing strongly suggested that both lineages are a single species and thus new emerging phenotypes associated with vivax malaria could not be clearly classified as belonging to a particular lineage on basis of their geographical origin.

Current status of knowledge about suicide in people with cancer

Aim: To review the current knowledge about suicide in cancer patients. Method: We searchedspecialized databases using keywords for articles published in the last two decades (1990-2010),and compiled and reviewed them in order to: indicate the prevalence of suicide in cancer patientsworldwide and in Colombia, differentiating the data by sex and age; establish the types of cancerthat are associated with suicide, identify risk factors for committing or considering suicide andpresent the strategies of professional and psychological intervention directed at cancer patientswith suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. The present article is a review of the information on thesubject. Results: We found that: in cancer patients, the suicide rate is two times higher thanin the general population; depression, suicidal ideation and location of cancer are some of therisk factors for suicide, and there is a lack of published guidelines for professional managementof the suicidal patient with cancer. Conclusion: The need to carry out research on the topic ofsuicide in cancer patients was established.

Description and analysis of pulmonary rehabilitation care programs current state in four cities of Colombia

Purpose: there are many studies reporting the benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation, but few of them exhibit the behavior and activities of these services. This article presents the characteristics of services, parts management and training level of team members, in addition to the variables or instruments used to measure the effectiveness and impact in these programs. Method: it was made a cross sectional convenience sample which included seven pulmonary rehabilitation services in four Colombian cities (Bogotá, Medellín, Manizales and Cali), selected by the coverage, for having at least one year of experience and for being formally established and recognized nationwide. The interdisciplinary team of each service answered a survey that was validated through a pilot test and expert consensus. Participation was voluntary. Results: labor onset pulmonary rehabilitation services correspond to an average of a decade, with COPD and asthma pathologies of attention. The programs are characterized by an outpatient treatment with an average duration of eight to twelve weeks, with a frequency of an hour three times a week. Also, the director of the service is regularly a pulmonologist and the coordinator a physiotherapist (57.14%). The posgradual training of these professionals is notable, and they report to have procedural, administrative and communicative skills, but qualify regular there research skills. The physical and technological resources are well tested. 71.42% have done impact studies, but only 28.57% have been published. All have in common training in upper limbs, lower limbs, respiratory muscles, counseling, functional assessment and quality of life. The effectiveness and impact of programs is measured by the walking test, quality of life questionnaires and activities of daily living.

Relaciones sociales en contextos organizacionales

Todas las personas establecen numerosas relaciones de diversa índole a lo largo de la vida y a través de estas intercambian y construyen experiencias, conocimientos, formas de sentir y de ver la vida; además de compartir necesidades, intereses y afectos (Pozo, Alonso, Hernández & Martos, 2005). Este postulado, es uno de los principales argumentos que motiva la realización de esta revisión teórica, por lo que el presente documento describe los resultados de una revisión teórica sobre las relaciones sociales en el ámbito organizacional y la importancia que estas tienen en este particular contexto. Los objetivos que orientaron esta misiva fueron: establecer los atributos esenciales del concepto de relaciones sociales, identificar las aproximaciones psicológicas que han aportado a la comprensión de este fenómeno, determinar los métodos de investigación utilizados por las aproximaciones psicológicas en el estudio de las relaciones sociales, describir algunos de los hallazgos de las investigaciones psicológicas que se han interesado por el impacto que tienen las relaciones sociales en el contexto laboral e identificar las tendencias actuales a través de las cuales se estudian las relaciones sociales en los contextos organizacionales. Para el logro de estos objetivos, se explora el concepto y características de las relaciones sociales, las perspectivas y modelos teóricos existentes para su estudio, las metodologías de estudio a las que se ha acudido y finalmente el papel de las relaciones sociales en los contextos organizacionales.

Heterogeneity and the formation of risk - sharing coalitions

We offer a new explanation of partial risk sharing based on coalition formation and segmentation of society in a risky environment, without assuming limited commitment and imperfect information. Heterogenous individuals in a society freely choose with whom they will share risk. A partition belonging to the core of the membership game obtains. Perfect risk sharing does not necessarily arise. Focusing on mutual insurance rule and assuming that individuals only differ with respect to risk, we show that the core partition is homophily-based. The distribution of risk affects the number and size of these coalitions. Individuals may pay a lower risk premium in riskier societies. A higher heterogeneity in risk leads to a lower degree of risk sharing. We discuss how the endogenous partition of society into risk-sharing coalitions may shed light on empirical evidence on partial risk sharing. The case of heterogenous risk aversion leads to similar results.