Análisis del cuidado respiratorio en cinco regiones del país: ¿dónde está y hacia dónde vamos?

El presente estudio analiza la práctica del cuidado respiratorio en cinco regiones del país, por medio de una investigación de carácter descriptivo-exploratoria, que busca revisar las tendencias de formación, las condiciones laborales, los roles que ejercen sus practicantes, los dilemas del ejercicio profesional y la caracterización de las funciones de los fisioterapeutas y terapeutas respiratorios. La información se obtuvo mediante encuesta a fisioterapeutas, terapeutas respiratorios, entrevista a profesionales de enfermería y médicos intensivistas que trabajan en instituciones de salud de tercer y cuarto nivel de complejidad en las ciudades seleccionadas para el estudio. La información recopilada incluye desde el quehacer diario, los conocimientos y las preferencias respecto a la práctica de los profesionales, hasta los aspectos relacionados con las condiciones laborales y las características de su ejercicio profesional. El estudio permitió concluir que hay una idealización de los roles, vacíos conceptuales para ejercer eficientemente el cuidado respiratorio sin una formación adicional tipo posgrado o cursos de entrenamiento en el área, debilidad en las funciones administrativas, investigativas, de atención domiciliaria y de evaluación social del entorno, falta de posicionamiento del quehacer ante el equipo interdisciplinario y condiciones laborales precarias.

Analysis of the alveolar recruitment maneuvers applied at seven intensive care units

Introduction: During the past years, alveolar recruitment maneuvers (RM) have produced growing interest due to their beneficial potential in pulmonary protection, and have been introduced in clinical practice. Objective: To describe and analyze the knowledge of MR and its application at seven intensive care units in the city of Cali, Colombia. Methods and materials: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study with an intentional sample of 64 professionals working in seven intensive care units and who apply MR. The self-completed survey was made up of thirteen questions, and the application period was two months. Results: Out of 64 professionals surveyed, 77.8% of them follow a protocol guide; 54.7% employes during RM the ideal Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), which maintains a saturation > 90% and a PaO2 > 60 mmHg; 42.1% tolerates airway pressures between 35 and 50 cmH2O; 48.4% perform RM with a progressive increase of the PEEP and a low tidal volume. Conclusions: Regarding the knowledge related to RM, heterogeneity was found in the answers. There is currently no consensus about which is the most effective and secure way to implement an MR. This study can be the starting point to create awareness towards the revision of knowledge, capacities and abilities that are required to perform RM.

Small-area variation in health care affecting the choice of cesarean delivery: the case of a Colombian health insurer

In the midst of health care reform, Colombia has succeeded in increasing health insurance coverage and the quality of health care. In spite of this, efficiency continues to be a matter of concern, and small-area variations in health care are one of the plausible causes of such inefficiencies. In order to understand this issue, we use individual data of all births from a Contributory-Regimen insurer in Colombia. We perform two different specifications of a multilevel logistic regression model. Our results reveal that hospitals account for 20% of variation on the probability of performing cesarean sections. Geographic area only explains 1/3 of the variance attributable to the hospital. Furthermore, some variables from both demand and supply sides are found to be also relevant on the probability of undergoing cesarean sections. This paper contributes to previous research by using a hierarchical model and by defining hospitals as cluster. Moreover, we also include clinical and supply induced demand variables.