O que a nomeação rápida nos diz sobre a dislexia?

Substantial evidence now show that dyslexic readers have problems with speeded naming of visual items. Early research assumed that this was a consequence of phonological processing deficits, but recent findings have suggested that non-phonological processes may lie at the root of the association between slow naming speed and poor reading. In a set of studies conducted with Portuguese children, the performance of dyslexic readers on serial rapid naming and phonological measures was investigated. The hypothesis that rapid naming reflects an independent core deficit in dyslexia is supported: (1) some dyslexics are characterized by naming difficulties but intact phonological skills; (2) the variance in rapid naming performance predicts uniquely the variance in children’s reading skills, independently from phonological skills; (3) rapid naming and phonological processing measures are not reliably correlated. The results also uncovered greater predictive power of rapid naming, and in particularly the inter-item pause time, for high-frequency word reding than for pseudoword reading in developmental dyslexia. Our work shows that a phonological component alone cannot account for the rapid naming performance in dyslexia. Rather, naming problems may emerge from the inefficiencies in visual-orthographic processing as well as in phonological processing.

Impulsivity: A view from the behavioral neuroscience and developmental psychology

Impulsivity has been linked to three main factors: performing without direct involvement of the frontal lobe functions, an increase in the speed of response, and the acquisition of immediate gratification. This behavioral inhibition deficit involves a variety of behaviors including aspects of hyperexcitability, behavioral disinhibition and higher order decision making. Although by tradition, the definition of this executive function has been conceptualized from a psychopathological view, currently, the wide variety of neuropsychological, developmental and animal models assessment techniques encourage us to establish dialogues that integrate the knowledge of these theoretical perspectives for the interpretation and understanding of impulsivity.

El poder electrónico para la gente: un desafío para la democracia contemporánea

Los adelantos tecnológicos han transformado prácticamente todos los aspectos de nuestras vidas. En la última década, la producción de conocimiento se ha dado casi de manera exponencial, y ello, sin lugar a dudas, también tiene implicaciones en la forma como nos relacionamos entre nosotros como ciudadanos y con el Estado. El presente artículo hace una reflexión acerca de los desafíos que el sistema democrático actual tiene para lograr una autodeterminación de los grupos e individuos y la inclusión efectiva en el sistema. Para tal fin, se deben encaminar dos grandes procesos: en el primero, el objetivo debe ser el empoderamiento de la gente con respecto al uso creativo de todas aquellas herramientas electrónicas que el mundo ofrece y el segundo tiene que ver con la construcción que el Estado debe realizar para comunicarse con los ciudadanos en un nuevo contexto de ubicuidad social. ---Electronic power to the people: a challenge to contemporary democracyTechnological advances have transformed virtually every aspect of our lives. In the last decade, knowledge production has grown almost exponentially, and this, undoubtedly has implications in how we relate to each of us as citizens and the state. This article makes a reflection on the challenges that the current democratic system is to achieve self-determination of groups and individuals and the effective inclusion into the system. To that end, must be directed at two major processes, the first aimed at empowering people in all those electronic tools that the world offers us to make it a creative use, and the second has to do with the ability of the State have to build to communicate with citizens in a new context of social ubiquity.Key words: electronic power, Internet, democracy, inclusion, self determination, State, government, education, rights.---O poder eletrônico para gente: Um desafio para a democracia contemporâneaOs avanços tecnológicos têm transformado praticamente todos os aspectos de nossas vidas. Na última década, a produção de conhecimento se tem dado quase de maneira exponencial, e isso, certamente, também tem implicações na forma como nos relacionamos entre nós como cidadãos e com o Estado. O presente artigo faz uma reflexão acerca dos desafios que o sistema democrático atual tem para lograr uma autodeterminação dos grupos e indivíduos e a inclusão efetiva no sistema. Para tal fim, se devem encaminhar dois grandes processos: no primeiro, o objetivo deve ser o empoderamento das pessoas em relação ao uso criativo de todas aquelas ferramentas eletrônicas que o mundo oferece e o segundo tem que ver com a construção que o Estado deve realizar para se comunicar com os cidadãos em um contexto de ubiqüidade social.Palavras chave: Poder eletrônico, democracia, inclusão, autodeterminação, Estado, governo, educação, direitos.