Turing’s imitation game and human thought

In 1950, the English mathematician Alan Mathison Turing proposed the basis of what some authors consider the test that a machine must pass to establish that it can think. This test is basically a game; nevertheless, it has had great infl uence in the development of the theories of the mind performance. The game specifications and some of its repercussions in the conception of thinking, the consciousness and the human will, will be ramifications of the path that will take us through the beginning of the artificial intelligence, passing along some of its singular manifestations, to culminate in the posing of certain restrictions of its fundaments.

La Androergología: una nueva disciplina de la educación

A research work on the micro firms in Caroni district, has been developing since 1994. Such study pretends to deepen the theory that let the empiric- philosophical- conceptual and methodological building of a new discipline in education, called Androergology. The most outstanding aspects that can be seen from the philosophical bases are the following: its ontology, as aempowerment of the individual abilities through mental structures change in a community of pairs; ethics as the one based on the assignment of Good for the process of creatingsocioproductive communities_ which also means a liberating function since it can achieve a sustainable economic development by the assembling of micro firms nets; and the epistemology derived from the bases of the General Theory of Systems and the Morin’s circular complexities. Among the principles of this discipline that can be mentioned are ContinuingEducation- since the individual already belongs to a society that always creates knowledge, global markets - the undertaker should produce for a world society, the age of this microfirm’s man- as a discussion upon the knowledge production in that individual as an epistemic subject, the Integral Education- since the spiritual, social and humanistic aspects should beadded to the technical ones; and the Contextual Formation-since the process should take place into the unit of production. The androergologic methodology is thought out as a processof two inputs: the business needs diagnosis and the knowledge of context. The central part focuses its attention on the adult learning process situation; and the concentric circles whichmean the ideal synergical relationship between the programmatic contents, learning processes, the androergologist and the necessary supervising process, which results to be theintegral and innovating element of this method. 

Women, rights and the city: notes for the construction of a state of art from the feminist thought and theory

The modern citieshave been born of the processes of industrialization, urbanization, which have been characterized by violence, resulting in social inequality, spatial segregation, the struggle for survival, the authoritarianism of the government and the establishment of exclusive orders genre, which has  prevented the enjoyment of the rights differential. In order to understand these complexities and  transform power relations that develop and reproduce it, this article analyzes the main theoretical  contributions and methodological approaches that feminist and gender studies have been conducted on the city, urban space and the right to city, which are valuable contributions to the definition of  the right to the city of women as a collective right to universal construction

How can strategic philanthropy contribute to innovation for companies

This investigation proposes to explore the existing link between a strategic conception of philanthropy and innovation. Indeed, the nature of the research question relies on an unexplored field in the CSR and Innovation management academic literature. It starts with the interest to know which the benefits are for a firm encouraged to invest strategically in philanthropy. In this regard, the analysis contributes in fitting this gap by following different objectives in an exploratory perspective. Throughout the research it will be analyzed the concept and the current and past contributions on the different branches of innovation (product innovation, managerial innovation, technological innovation), to accentuate the relation between an accurate strategic approach to philanthropy and the impact on the organizational value. Indeed, analyzing philanthropic innovation may provide insights about business opportunities and notions related to social investments and profit. That aspect includes the link between those strategic decisions that a firm can use to maximize those investments as it was part of their core business. It also proves the existing link between CSR and innovation, and the possibilities that the enterprises have towards this subject.

Technical education in England, Germany and France in the nineteenth century: a comparison

Este documento describe el desarrollo de la educación técnica en Inglaterra, Alemania y Francia durante el siglo XIX, contrastando sus similaridades y diferencias. También analiza el papel del Estado en la provisión de educación técnica en estos países. El artículo sugiere que el alto estándar científico y técnico en la enseñanza, contribuyó significativamente para que el país se convirtiera en una potencia económica. Por ejemplo, la creciente superioridad técnica de los alemanes sobre los británicos en actividades como producción química, tinturas, hierro y acero, ha sido atribuida al hecho de que los británicos persistieron en el uso de métodos empíricos que representaban una barrera para alcanzar mejoras y adaptación, mientras que los alemanes desarrollaron un sistema de educación universitario y politécnico con fuertes lazos industriales que le permitían convertirse en la potencia industrial mas grande de Europa al inicio del Siglo XX.

Technical instruments and conceptual definitions: theoretical and practical implications of the change on the definition of unemployment in Colombia

En junio de 2000 el Departamento Nacional de Estadística de Colombia adopto una nueva definición de medición de desempleo siguiendo los estándares sugeridos por la organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT). El cambio de definición implico una reducción de la tasa de desempleo en cerca de dos puntos porcentuales. En este documento contrastamos la experiencia colombiana con otra experiencias internacionales, y analizamos las implicaciones empíricas y teóricas de este cambio de definición usando dos tipos de estimaciones cuantitativas: en la primera se contrasta las principales características de las diferentes categorías clasificadas según la definición nueva y vieja de desempleo (empleado, desempleado y fuera de la fuerza laboral) usando el algoritmo EM; en la segunda se pone a prueba la implicación del desempleo estructural y su relación con el perfil educacional de personas desempleadas y las características teóricas que enfrentan los estándares de la OIT en la definición de empleo.